LTE Book

**ncjsvr** · 2011-07-22, 05:22 AM

Good Book about LTE.

BOOK DESCRIPTION
Based on the bestseller ";3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband"; and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided.
This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition.
The authors of the book all work at E******* Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP.

KEY FEATURES

Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10
Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO
Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deployments
LTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Background of LTE
- Introduction
- Evolution of Mobile Systems Before LTE
  - The First 3G Standardization
- ITU Activities
  - IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced
  - Spectrum for IMT Systems
- Drivers for LTE
- Standardization of LTE
  - The Standardization Process
  - The 3GPP Process
  - The 3G Evolution to 4G
High Data Rates in Mobile Communication
- High Data Rates: Fundamental Constraints
  - High Data Rates in Noise-Limited Scenarios
  - Higher Data Rates in Interference-Limited Scenarios
  - Higher Data Rates Within A Limited Bandwidth: Higher-Order Modulation
  - Higher-Order Modulation in Combination with Channel Coding
  - Variations in Instantaneous Transmit Power
  - Wider Bandwidth Including Multi-Carrier Transmission
  - Multi-Carrier Transmission
OFDM Transmission
- Basic Principles of OFDM
- OFDM Demodulation
- OFDM Implementation Using IFFT/FFT Processing
- Cyclic-Prefix Insertion
- Frequency-Domain Model of OFDM Transmission
- Channel Estimation and Reference Symbols
- Frequency Diversity with OFDM: Importance of Channel Coding
- Selection of Basic OFDM Parameters
  - OFDM Subcarrier Spacing
  - Number of Subcarriers
  - Cyclic-Prefix Length
- Variations in Instantaneous Transmission Power
- OFDM as a User-Multiplexing and Multiple-Access Scheme
- Multi-Cell Broadcast/Multicast Transmission and OFDM
Wider-Band "Single-Carrier" Transmission
- Equalization Against Radio-Channel Frequency Selectivity
  - Time-Domain Linear Equalization
  - Frequency-Domain Equalization
  - Other Equalizer Strategies
- Uplink FDMA with Flexible Bandwidth Assignment
- DFT-spread OFDM
  - Basic Principles
  - DFTS-OFDM Receiver
  - User Multiplexing with DFTS-OFDM
  - Distributed DFTS-OFDM
Multi-Antenna Techniques
- Multi-Antenna Configurations
- Benefits of Multi-Antenna Techniques
- Multiple Receive Antennas
- Multiple Transmit Antennas
  - Transmit-Antenna Diversity
    - Delay Diversity
    - Cyclic-Delay Diversity
    - Diversity by Means of Space–Time Coding
    - Diversity by Means of Space–Frequency Coding
  - Transmitter-Side Beam-Forming
- Spatial Multiplexing
  - Basic Principles
  - Precoder-Based Spatial Multiplexing
  - Nonlinear Receiver Processing
Scheduling, Link Adaptation, and Hybrid ARQ
- Link Adaptation: Power and Rate Control
- Channel-Dependent Scheduling
  - Downlink Scheduling
  - Uplink Scheduling
  - Link Adaptation and Channel-Dependent Scheduling in the Frequency Domain
  - Acquiring on Channel-State Information
  - Traffic Behavior and Scheduling
- Advanced Retransmission Schemes
- Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
LTE Radio Access: An Overview
- Basic Principles
  - Transmission Scheme
  - Channel-Dependent Scheduling and Rate Adaptation
  - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
  - Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
  - Multi-Antenna Transmission
  - Spectrum Flexibility
    - Flexibility in Duplex Arrangement
    - Bandwidth Flexibility
- LTE Release 9
  - Multicast and Broadcast Support
  - Positioning
  - Dual-Layer Beam-Forming
- LTE Release 10 and IMT-Advanced
  - Carrier Aggregation
  - Extended Multi-Antenna Transmission
  - Relaying
  - Heterogeneous Deployments
- Terminal Capabilities
Radio-Interface Architecture
- Overall System Architecture
  - Core Network
  - Radio-Access Network
- Radio Protocol Architecture
  - Radio-Link Control
  - Medium-Access Control
    - Logical Channels and Transport Channels
    - Scheduling
    - Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
  - Physical Layer
- Control-Plane Protocols
  - State Machine
Physical Transmission Resources
- Overall Time–Frequency Structure
- Normal Subframes and Mbsfn Subframes
- Carrier Aggregation
- Frequency-Domain Location Of LTE Carriers
- Duplex Schemes
  - Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD)
  - Time-Division Duplex (TDD)
  - LTE and TD-SCDMA Coexistence
Downlink Physical-Layer Processing
- Transport-Channel Processing
  - Processing Steps
    - CRC Insertion Per Transport Block
    - Code-Block Segmentation and Per-Code-Block CRC Insertion
    - Channel Coding
    - Rate Matching and Physical-Layer Hybrid-ARQ Functionality
    - Bit-Level Scrambling
    - Data Modulation
    - Antenna Mapping
    - Resource-Block Mapping
  - Localized and Distributed Resource Mapping
- Downlink Reference Signals
  - Cell-Specific Reference Signals
    - Structure of a Single Reference Signal
    - Multiple Reference Signals
  - Demodulation Reference Signals
  - CSI Reference Signals
    - CSI-RS Structure
    - Muted CSI-RS
- Multi-Antenna Transmission
  - Transmit Diversity
    - Transmit Diversity for Two Antenna Ports
    - Transmit Diversity for Four Antenna Ports
  - Codebook-Based Precoding
    - Closed-Loop Operation
    - Open-Loop Operation
  - Non-Codebook-Based Precoding
  - Downlink Multi-User MIMO
    - MU-MIMO within Transmission Modes 8/9
    - MU-MIMO Based on CRS
- Downlink L1/L2 Control Signaling
  - Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
  - Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
  - Physical Downlink Control Channel
  - Downlink Scheduling Assignment
    - Signaling of Downlink Resource-Block Allocations
    - Signaling of Transport-Block Sizes
  - Uplink Scheduling Grants
    - Signaling of Uplink Resource-Block Allocations
  - Carrier Aggregation and Cross-Carrier Scheduling
  - Power-Control Commands
  - PDCCH Processing
  - Blind Decoding of PDCCHs
Uplink Physical-Layer Processing
- Transport-Channel Processing
  - Processing Steps
  - Mapping to the Physical Resource
  - PUSCH Frequency Hopping
    - Hopping Based on Cell-Specific Hopping/Mirroring Patterns
    - Hopping Based on Explicit Hopping Information
- Uplink Reference Signals
  - Uplink Demodulation Reference Signals
    - Basic Principles of Uplink DM-RS
    - Phase-Rotated Reference-Signal Sequences
    - Reference-Signal Assignment to Cells
    - Sequence Hopping
    - Multiple Demodulation Reference Signals
  - Uplink Sounding Reference Signals
    - Periodic SRS Transmission
    - Aperiodic SRS Transmission
- Uplink Multi-Antenna Transmission
  - Precoder-Based Multi-Antenna Transmission for PUSCH
  - Uplink Multi-User MIMO
  - PUCCH Transmit Diversity
- Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling
  - Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling on PUCCH
    - PUCCH Format 1
    - PUCCH Format 2
    - PUCCH Format 3
    - Simultaneous Transmission of Multiple Feedback Reports
    - Resource-Block Mapping for PUCCH
  - Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling on PUSCH
- Uplink Timing Alignment
Retransmission Protocols
- Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
  - Downlink Hybrid ARQ
  - Uplink Hybrid ARQ
  - Hybrid-ARQ Timing
- Radio-Link Control
  - Segmentation, Concatenation, and Reassembly of RLC SDUs
  - RLC Retransmission
  - In-Sequence Delivery
  - RLC Operation
Power Control, Scheduling, and Interference Handling
- Uplink Power Control
  - Uplink Power Control – Some Basic Rules
  - Power Control for PUCCH
  - Power Control for PUSCH
  - Power Control for SRS
  - Power Headroom
- Scheduling and Rate Adaptation
  - Downlink Scheduling
  - Uplink Scheduling
    - Uplink Priority Handling
    - Scheduling Requests and Buffer Status Reports
  - Semi-Persistent Scheduling
  - Scheduling for Half-Duplex FDD
  - Channel-State Reporting
  - Discontinuous Reception (DRX) and Component Carrier Deactivation
- Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
- Heterogeneous Network Deployments
  - Interference Handling in a Heterogeneous Deployment
  - Interference Coordination in the Case of Home-eNodeB
Access Procedures
- Acquisition and Cell Search
  - Overview of LTE Cell Search
  - PSS Structure
  - SSS Structure
- System Information
  - MIB and BCH Transmission
  - System-Information Blocks
- Random Access
  - Step 1: Random-Access Preamble Transmission
    - PRACH Time–Frequency Resources
    - Preamble Structure and Sequence Selection
    - PRACH Power Setting
    - Preamble Sequence Generation
    - Preamble Detection
  - Step 2: Random-Access Response
  - Step 3: Terminal Identification
  - Step 4: Contention Resolution
- Paging
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services
- Architecture
- Overall Channel Structure and Physical-Layer Processing
- Scheduling of MBMS Services
Relaying
- Relays in LTE
- Overall Architecture
- Backhaul Design for Inband Relaying
  - Access-Link Hybrid-ARQ Operation
  - Backhaul-Link Hybrid-ARQ Operation
  - Backhaul Downlink Control Signaling
  - Reference Signals for the Backhaul Link
  - Backhaul–Access Link Timing
Spectrum and RF Characteristics
- Spectrum for LTE
  - Spectrum Defined for IMT Systems by the ITU-R
  - Frequency Bands for LTE
  - New Frequency Bands
- Flexible Spectrum USE
- Flexible Channel Bandwidth Operation
- Carrier Aggregation for LTE
- Multi-Standard Radio Base Stations
- Overview of RF Requirements for LTE
  - Transmitter Characteristics
  - Receiver Characteristics
  - Regional Requirements
  - Band-Specific UE Requirements Through Network Signaling
  - Base-Station Classes
- Output Power Level Requirements
  - Base-Station Output Power and Dynamic Range
  - UE Output Power and Dynamic Range
- Transmitted Signal Quality
  - EVM and Frequency Error
  - UE In-Band Emissions
  - Base-Station Time Alignment
- Unwanted Emissions Requirements
  - Implementation Aspects
  - Spectrum Emission Mask
    - Base-Station Operating Band Unwanted Emission Limits
    - UE Spectrum Emission Mask
  - Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
  - Spurious Emissions
  - Occupied Bandwidth
  - Transmitter Intermodulation
- Sensitivity and Dynamic Range
- Receiver Susceptibility to Interfering Signals
Performance
- Performance Assessment
  - End-User Perspective of Performance
  - Operator Perspective
- Performance in Terms of Peak Data Rates and Latency
- Performance Evaluation of LTE-Advanced
  - Models and Assumptions
  - Evaluation Criteria
  - Performance Numbers for FDD
  - Performance Numbers for TDD
- Conclusion
Other Wireless Communications Systems
- HSPA
  - Architecture
  - Channel-Dependent Scheduling
  - Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
  - Control-Plane Latency Reductions
  - Spatial Multiplexing
  - Carrier Aggregation
  - UTRA TDD
- GSM/EDGE
  - Objectives for GSM/EDGE Evolution
  - Dual-Antenna Terminals
  - Multi-Carrier EDGE
  - Reduced TTI and Fast Feedback
  - Improved Modulation and Coding
  - Higher Symbol Rates
  - Voice Service over Adaptive Multi-User Channels
- CDMA2000 and HRPD/1x EV-DO
  - CDMA2000 1x
  - 1x EV-DO Rev 0
  - 1x EV-DO Rev A
  - 1x EV-DO Rev B
  - 1x EV-DO Rev C
- IEEE 802.16e, Mobile WiMAX and 802.16.m
  - IEEE 802.16e and Mobile WiMAX
  - IEEE 802.16.m – WiMAX for IMT-Advanced
- Summary
Final Thoughts
- Where To Go in the Future?
  - Advanced Multi-Cell Coordination
  - Network Energy Efficiency
  - Machine-Type Communication
  - New ways of Using Spectrum
  - Direct Device-to-Device Communication
- Concluding Remarks
References
Index