Uplink Capacity and Interference Avoidance for Two-Tier Femtocell Networks

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Abstract

—Two-tier femtocell networks– comprising a conventional
cellular network plus embedded femtocell hotspots– offer
an economically viable solution to achieving high cellular user
capacity and improved coverage. With universal frequency reuse
and DS-CDMA transmission however, the ensuing cross-tier
interference causes unacceptable outage probability. This paper
develops an uplink capacity analysis and interference avoidance
strategy in such a two-tier CDMA network. We evaluate a
network-wide area spectral efficiency metric called the operating
contour (OC) defined as the feasible combinations of the average
number of active macrocell users and femtocell base stations
(BS) per cell-site that satisfy a target outage constraint. The
capacity analysis provides an accurate characterization of the
uplink outage probability, accounting for power control, path
loss and shadowing effects. Considering worst case interference
at a corner femtocell, results reveal that interference avoidance
through a time-hopped CDMA physical layer and sectorized
antennas allows about a 7x higher femtocell density, relative to
a split spectrum two-tier network with omnidirectional femtocell
antennas. A femtocell exclusion region and a tier selection
based handoff policy offers modest improvements in the OCs.
These results provide guidelines for the design of robust shared
spectrum two-tier networks.

Index Terms

—Operating Contours, Code Division Multiaccess,

Macrocell, Femtocell, Cellular, Uplink Capacity, Outage Pr