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2010-04-08, 03:41 PM
Table of Contents
WCDMA ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN........................1
1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................11
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................13
PROCESS OVERVIEW MAP .........................................................................14
RELATED ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES .......................................................17
WCDMA ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN ......................18
STARTUP AND INFORMATION GATHERING ..............................................18
ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK PLANNING ................................20
SITE SELECTION...........................................................................................21
DETAILED ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN .............................22
ACCEPTANCE................................................................................................23
2 ATM .............................................................................................25
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................27
DESIGN OF THE ATM CELL...............................................................28
ATM TRANSPORT SERVICES............................................................29
BLOCKS IN TRANSPORT AND SIGNALING.................................................29
ATM SERVICE CATEGORIES .......................................................................30
ATM VIRTUAL PATH LAYER ..............................................................31
ATM VIRTUAL CHANNEL (VC) LAYER..............................................34
VC CONNECTIONS........................................................................................35
ATM ADAPTATION LAYER (AAL).......................................................38
AAL 0 ..............................................................................................................38
AAL 1 ..............................................................................................................38
AAL 2 ..............................................................................................................39
AAL 5 ..............................................................................................................52
CIRCUIT EMULATION.........................................................................54
ATM OVER FRACTIONAL TRANSMISSION ......................................56
INVERSE MULTIPLEXING ..................................................................58
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 4 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
IMPACT ON DIMENSIONING ........................................................................58
ATM INTERFACES ..............................................................................59
IU INTERFACE ...............................................................................................59
IUR INTERFACE.............................................................................................62
IUB INTERFACE.............................................................................................63
3 3G SERVICE TYPES...................................................................67
RADIO ACCESS BEARERS................................................................69
RADIO ACCESS BEARERS AVAILABLE IN P3 ............................................70
UMTS QOS CLASSES ...................................................................................71
REAL-TIME SERVICES..................................................................................72
NON-REAL TIME SERVICES.........................................................................74
CONNECTION TRAFFIC DESCRIPTORS ..........................................76
SERVICE CATEGORIES................................................................................76
4 TRAFFIC MODELING .................................................................79
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................81
TRAFFIC CLASSES .......................................................................................81
TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION...............................................................................82
SUMMARY OF USER TRAFFIC MODELS ....................................................83
MODELING CONCEPTS................................................................................84
SUBSCRIBER ACTIVITY.....................................................................87
MODEL PARAMETERS FOR CS AND PS SERVICES IN P3 .............89
EXAMPLE OF E******* TRAFIC MODEL ......................................94
INTERACTIVE CLASS....................................................................................94
BACKGROUND CLASS..................................................................................95
CONVERSATIONAL CLASS ..........................................................................95
APPLICATIONS MIX.......................................................................................97
THE AGGREGATED TRAFFIC ......................................................................99
CIRCUIT SWITCHED APPLICATIONS ........................................................101
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................104
5 RBS 3000 OVERVIEW ..............................................................105
INTRODUCTION................................................................................107
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 5 -
RBS CONFIGURATIONS...................................................................108
RBS 3101, RBS 3104, AND RBS 3303 CONFIGURATIONS.......................108
RBS 3202 AND RBS 3203 CONFIGURATIONS ..........................................111
RBS 3202 OVERVIEW.......................................................................113
CONFIGURATIONS......................................................................................120
TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATIONS .........................................................123
RBS 3303 OVERVIEW.......................................................................125
CONFIGURATIONS......................................................................................125
CABLE CONFIGURATIONS.........................................................................129
6 RNC 3810 OVERVIEW..............................................................131
INTRODUCTION................................................................................133
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE .........................................................135
SUBRACKS ..................................................................................................136
SUBRACK EQUIPMENT ..............................................................................137
RNC MODULES.................................................................................142
CABINET CONFIGURATION.............................................................143
MS CONFIGURATION..................................................................................144
ES CONFIGURATIONS................................................................................146
NAMING CONVENTION...............................................................................148
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ..........................................................151
CAPACITY ....................................................................................................151
7 RXI 820 OVERVIEW..................................................................153
INTRODUCTION................................................................................155
RXI 820 R4 HARDWARE...................................................................157
BASIC CONFIGURATION ............................................................................157
SITE OPTION 1: LARGE CABINET..............................................................157
SITE OPTION 2: SMALL CABINET ..............................................................158
SITE OPTION 3: MAGAZINE INSTALLATION KIT.......................................159
48V DC CAPACITOR UNIT ..........................................................................160
TRANSMISSION INTERFACE OPTIONS..........................................161
TRANSMISSION OPTION 1: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 8 X E1/T1/J1 ..161
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 6 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
TRANSMISSION OPTION 2: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 2 X E3/T3 .......161
TRANSMISSION OPTION 3: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 1 X
CHANNELIZED STM-1/OC-3 .......................................................................162
TRANSMISSION OPTION 4: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 2 X STM-
1/OC-3C ........................................................................................................162
WCDMA RAN FEATURES.................................................................163
RXI R4 BASIC CONFIGURATION FEATURES ...........................................163
RXI R4 OPTIONAL FEATURES ...................................................................165
8 LINK DIMENSIONING...............................................................169
INTRODUCTION................................................................................171
CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................171
ASSUMPTIONS............................................................................................173
IUB .....................................................................................................175
GENERAL.....................................................................................................175
IUB SCENARIOS..........................................................................................176
END RBS ...........................................................................................178
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION (AAL0 VCC) ...................................................178
USER PLANE (AAL 2 VCCS) .......................................................................179
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................191
NBAP-C, NBAP-D AND Q.2630 SIGNALING ...............................................199
AAL 2 SWITCHING NODE ................................................................202
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION (AAL 0 VCCS)................................................202
CONTROL PLANE: NBAP-C, NBAP-D AND Q.2630 SIGNALLING.............202
USER PLANE (AAL 2) ..................................................................................203
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................204
ATM VP CC OR VC CC NODE ..........................................................211
MUB...................................................................................................211
MUT....................................................................................................212
IUR .....................................................................................................213
GENERAL.....................................................................................................213
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................218
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................222
RNSAP AND Q.2630 SIGNALING................................................................227
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 7 -
MUR...................................................................................................232
IU, CS DOMAIN (IU-CS) ....................................................................233
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................233
RANAP AND Q.2630 SIGNALING................................................................236
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................237
IU, PS DOMAIN (IU-PS).....................................................................238
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................238
RANAP SIGNALING .....................................................................................240
9 RNC DIMENSIONING................................................................243
INTRODUCTION................................................................................245
PREREQUISITES.........................................................................................245
RNC DIMENSIONING...................................................................................246
TRAFFIC CAPACITY .........................................................................247
TRAFFIC CAPACITY FORMULA .................................................................247
TRAFFIC CAPACITY VALUES.....................................................................249
RADIO NETWORK CAPABILITY ......................................................250
TCPP LOAD BALANCING OF MODULES........................................252
MANUAL DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ........................................................252
LOCATION/ROUTING AREA ............................................................255
INTER SUBRACK LINKS ..................................................................257
TRANSPORT NETWORK LIMITATIONS ..........................................261
ETBS, EXCHANGE TERMINAL BOARDS ...................................................261
PHYSICAL PORTS LIMITATION..................................................................262
VP SHAPER LIMITATION ............................................................................263
AAL 2 MULTIPLEXERS LIMITATION...........................................................263
RNC DIMENSIONING EXAMPLE......................................................264
INPUT DATA.................................................................................................264
DETERMINING THE RNC CONFIGURATION.............................................265
10 NETWORK TOPOLOGY ...........................................................267
INTRODUCTION................................................................................269
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 8 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
DIRECT CONNECTIONS OVER PDH/SDH NETWORKS.................272
VP CONNECTIONS OVER EXTERNAL ATM NETWORK...........................273
AGGREGATED NETWORK STRUCTURES.....................................274
ONE-LEVEL ATM CROSS CONNECT AGGREGATION USING HUB
RBS OR RXI WITH STM-1/VC-4 AND E1 OR E3 INTERFACES.................275
ONE-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI WITH STM-1/VC-4, AND
E1 AND/OR E3 INTERFACES......................................................................276
ONE-LEVEL RBS HUBBING USING AAL 2 SWITCHING THROUGH E1
INTERFACE..................................................................................................277
TWO-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI AND/OR HUB RBS WITH
E1, E3 AND STM-1/VC4 INTERFACES .......................................................278
ONE-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI WITH CHANNELIZED
STM-1/VC12 AND STM-1/VC4 INTERFACES, CONNECTED OVER
EXTERNAL SDH NETWORK .......................................................................279
ATM RING TOPOLOGY USING STM-1/VC-4 LINKS........................280
IU AND IUR TOPOLOGIES ...............................................................282
LINK REDUNDANCY AND PROTECTION........................................284
PROTECTION ON IUB INTERFACE............................................................284
PROTECTION ON IU AND IUR INTERFACE ..............................................287
CHARACTERISTIC REQUIREMENTS ON TRANSPORT
NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.......................................................288
11 SYNCHRONIZATION ................................................................291
SYNCHRONIZATION FUNCTIONALITY ...........................................293
NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION .....................................................295
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................295
SYSTEM CLOCK..........................................................................................299
TIMING UNIT ................................................................................................305
SYNCHRONIZATION INPUTS IN THE WCDMA RAN NODES ...................306
SYNCHRONIZATION OUTPUTS IN THE WCDMA RAN NODES ...............306
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION AND APPLICATIONS ....................................307
FRAME AND NODE SYNCHRONIZATION .......................................308
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................308
DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................308
GENERATION OF FRAME REFERENCE TIMING......................................309
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 9 -
APPENDIX A: MICROWAVE LINKS.................................................313
MINI-LINKTM.......................................................................................315
ALL-OUTDOOR ............................................................................................315
TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................316
SPLIT ............................................................................................................317
SYSTEM COMPONENTS.............................................................................318
NETWORK MANAGEMENT..............................................................320
MINI-LINK BAS..................................................................................321
ACCESS TERMINAL ....................................................................................322
HUB...............................................................................................................324
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ......................................................................324
MINI-LINK HIGH CAPACITY .............................................................326
WCDMA ACCESS NETWORK..........................................................328
APPENDIX B: SELECTION OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA ................329
TRANSMISSION MEDIA ...................................................................331
DESCRIPTIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDIA....................................................332
PROS AND CONS........................................................................................334
TRANSMISSION MEDIA ..............................................................................335
REDUNDANCY.............................................................................................336
RING PROTECTION.....................................................................................337
INVERSE MULTIPLEXING...........................................................................337
CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENTS ...........................................338
DELAY ..........................................................................................................338
APPENDIX C: K-R EXCEL IMPLEMENTATION...............................339
EXCEL IMPLEMENTATION...............................................................341
This is student book from E///
If You need this - send pm for the password (file protected not with my default pass).
WCDMA ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN........................1
1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................11
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................13
PROCESS OVERVIEW MAP .........................................................................14
RELATED ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES .......................................................17
WCDMA ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN ......................18
STARTUP AND INFORMATION GATHERING ..............................................18
ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK PLANNING ................................20
SITE SELECTION...........................................................................................21
DETAILED ACCESS TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN .............................22
ACCEPTANCE................................................................................................23
2 ATM .............................................................................................25
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................27
DESIGN OF THE ATM CELL...............................................................28
ATM TRANSPORT SERVICES............................................................29
BLOCKS IN TRANSPORT AND SIGNALING.................................................29
ATM SERVICE CATEGORIES .......................................................................30
ATM VIRTUAL PATH LAYER ..............................................................31
ATM VIRTUAL CHANNEL (VC) LAYER..............................................34
VC CONNECTIONS........................................................................................35
ATM ADAPTATION LAYER (AAL).......................................................38
AAL 0 ..............................................................................................................38
AAL 1 ..............................................................................................................38
AAL 2 ..............................................................................................................39
AAL 5 ..............................................................................................................52
CIRCUIT EMULATION.........................................................................54
ATM OVER FRACTIONAL TRANSMISSION ......................................56
INVERSE MULTIPLEXING ..................................................................58
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 4 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
IMPACT ON DIMENSIONING ........................................................................58
ATM INTERFACES ..............................................................................59
IU INTERFACE ...............................................................................................59
IUR INTERFACE.............................................................................................62
IUB INTERFACE.............................................................................................63
3 3G SERVICE TYPES...................................................................67
RADIO ACCESS BEARERS................................................................69
RADIO ACCESS BEARERS AVAILABLE IN P3 ............................................70
UMTS QOS CLASSES ...................................................................................71
REAL-TIME SERVICES..................................................................................72
NON-REAL TIME SERVICES.........................................................................74
CONNECTION TRAFFIC DESCRIPTORS ..........................................76
SERVICE CATEGORIES................................................................................76
4 TRAFFIC MODELING .................................................................79
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................81
TRAFFIC CLASSES .......................................................................................81
TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION...............................................................................82
SUMMARY OF USER TRAFFIC MODELS ....................................................83
MODELING CONCEPTS................................................................................84
SUBSCRIBER ACTIVITY.....................................................................87
MODEL PARAMETERS FOR CS AND PS SERVICES IN P3 .............89
EXAMPLE OF E******* TRAFIC MODEL ......................................94
INTERACTIVE CLASS....................................................................................94
BACKGROUND CLASS..................................................................................95
CONVERSATIONAL CLASS ..........................................................................95
APPLICATIONS MIX.......................................................................................97
THE AGGREGATED TRAFFIC ......................................................................99
CIRCUIT SWITCHED APPLICATIONS ........................................................101
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................104
5 RBS 3000 OVERVIEW ..............................................................105
INTRODUCTION................................................................................107
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 5 -
RBS CONFIGURATIONS...................................................................108
RBS 3101, RBS 3104, AND RBS 3303 CONFIGURATIONS.......................108
RBS 3202 AND RBS 3203 CONFIGURATIONS ..........................................111
RBS 3202 OVERVIEW.......................................................................113
CONFIGURATIONS......................................................................................120
TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATIONS .........................................................123
RBS 3303 OVERVIEW.......................................................................125
CONFIGURATIONS......................................................................................125
CABLE CONFIGURATIONS.........................................................................129
6 RNC 3810 OVERVIEW..............................................................131
INTRODUCTION................................................................................133
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE .........................................................135
SUBRACKS ..................................................................................................136
SUBRACK EQUIPMENT ..............................................................................137
RNC MODULES.................................................................................142
CABINET CONFIGURATION.............................................................143
MS CONFIGURATION..................................................................................144
ES CONFIGURATIONS................................................................................146
NAMING CONVENTION...............................................................................148
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ..........................................................151
CAPACITY ....................................................................................................151
7 RXI 820 OVERVIEW..................................................................153
INTRODUCTION................................................................................155
RXI 820 R4 HARDWARE...................................................................157
BASIC CONFIGURATION ............................................................................157
SITE OPTION 1: LARGE CABINET..............................................................157
SITE OPTION 2: SMALL CABINET ..............................................................158
SITE OPTION 3: MAGAZINE INSTALLATION KIT.......................................159
48V DC CAPACITOR UNIT ..........................................................................160
TRANSMISSION INTERFACE OPTIONS..........................................161
TRANSMISSION OPTION 1: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 8 X E1/T1/J1 ..161
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 6 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
TRANSMISSION OPTION 2: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 2 X E3/T3 .......161
TRANSMISSION OPTION 3: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 1 X
CHANNELIZED STM-1/OC-3 .......................................................................162
TRANSMISSION OPTION 4: ATM/AAL2 TRANSPORT ON 2 X STM-
1/OC-3C ........................................................................................................162
WCDMA RAN FEATURES.................................................................163
RXI R4 BASIC CONFIGURATION FEATURES ...........................................163
RXI R4 OPTIONAL FEATURES ...................................................................165
8 LINK DIMENSIONING...............................................................169
INTRODUCTION................................................................................171
CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................171
ASSUMPTIONS............................................................................................173
IUB .....................................................................................................175
GENERAL.....................................................................................................175
IUB SCENARIOS..........................................................................................176
END RBS ...........................................................................................178
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION (AAL0 VCC) ...................................................178
USER PLANE (AAL 2 VCCS) .......................................................................179
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................191
NBAP-C, NBAP-D AND Q.2630 SIGNALING ...............................................199
AAL 2 SWITCHING NODE ................................................................202
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION (AAL 0 VCCS)................................................202
CONTROL PLANE: NBAP-C, NBAP-D AND Q.2630 SIGNALLING.............202
USER PLANE (AAL 2) ..................................................................................203
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................204
ATM VP CC OR VC CC NODE ..........................................................211
MUB...................................................................................................211
MUT....................................................................................................212
IUR .....................................................................................................213
GENERAL.....................................................................................................213
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................218
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................222
RNSAP AND Q.2630 SIGNALING................................................................227
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 7 -
MUR...................................................................................................232
IU, CS DOMAIN (IU-CS) ....................................................................233
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................233
RANAP AND Q.2630 SIGNALING................................................................236
EXAMPLE .....................................................................................................237
IU, PS DOMAIN (IU-PS).....................................................................238
RADIO NETWORK USER PLANE................................................................238
RANAP SIGNALING .....................................................................................240
9 RNC DIMENSIONING................................................................243
INTRODUCTION................................................................................245
PREREQUISITES.........................................................................................245
RNC DIMENSIONING...................................................................................246
TRAFFIC CAPACITY .........................................................................247
TRAFFIC CAPACITY FORMULA .................................................................247
TRAFFIC CAPACITY VALUES.....................................................................249
RADIO NETWORK CAPABILITY ......................................................250
TCPP LOAD BALANCING OF MODULES........................................252
MANUAL DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ........................................................252
LOCATION/ROUTING AREA ............................................................255
INTER SUBRACK LINKS ..................................................................257
TRANSPORT NETWORK LIMITATIONS ..........................................261
ETBS, EXCHANGE TERMINAL BOARDS ...................................................261
PHYSICAL PORTS LIMITATION..................................................................262
VP SHAPER LIMITATION ............................................................................263
AAL 2 MULTIPLEXERS LIMITATION...........................................................263
RNC DIMENSIONING EXAMPLE......................................................264
INPUT DATA.................................................................................................264
DETERMINING THE RNC CONFIGURATION.............................................265
10 NETWORK TOPOLOGY ...........................................................267
INTRODUCTION................................................................................269
WCDMA Access Transport Network Design
- 8 - © E******* AB 2005 EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A
DIRECT CONNECTIONS OVER PDH/SDH NETWORKS.................272
VP CONNECTIONS OVER EXTERNAL ATM NETWORK...........................273
AGGREGATED NETWORK STRUCTURES.....................................274
ONE-LEVEL ATM CROSS CONNECT AGGREGATION USING HUB
RBS OR RXI WITH STM-1/VC-4 AND E1 OR E3 INTERFACES.................275
ONE-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI WITH STM-1/VC-4, AND
E1 AND/OR E3 INTERFACES......................................................................276
ONE-LEVEL RBS HUBBING USING AAL 2 SWITCHING THROUGH E1
INTERFACE..................................................................................................277
TWO-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI AND/OR HUB RBS WITH
E1, E3 AND STM-1/VC4 INTERFACES .......................................................278
ONE-LEVEL AAL 2 SWITCHING USING RXI WITH CHANNELIZED
STM-1/VC12 AND STM-1/VC4 INTERFACES, CONNECTED OVER
EXTERNAL SDH NETWORK .......................................................................279
ATM RING TOPOLOGY USING STM-1/VC-4 LINKS........................280
IU AND IUR TOPOLOGIES ...............................................................282
LINK REDUNDANCY AND PROTECTION........................................284
PROTECTION ON IUB INTERFACE............................................................284
PROTECTION ON IU AND IUR INTERFACE ..............................................287
CHARACTERISTIC REQUIREMENTS ON TRANSPORT
NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.......................................................288
11 SYNCHRONIZATION ................................................................291
SYNCHRONIZATION FUNCTIONALITY ...........................................293
NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION .....................................................295
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................295
SYSTEM CLOCK..........................................................................................299
TIMING UNIT ................................................................................................305
SYNCHRONIZATION INPUTS IN THE WCDMA RAN NODES ...................306
SYNCHRONIZATION OUTPUTS IN THE WCDMA RAN NODES ...............306
NODE SYNCHRONIZATION AND APPLICATIONS ....................................307
FRAME AND NODE SYNCHRONIZATION .......................................308
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................308
DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................308
GENERATION OF FRAME REFERENCE TIMING......................................309
Table of Contents
EN/LZT 123 6194 R4A © E******* AB 2005 - 9 -
APPENDIX A: MICROWAVE LINKS.................................................313
MINI-LINKTM.......................................................................................315
ALL-OUTDOOR ............................................................................................315
TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................316
SPLIT ............................................................................................................317
SYSTEM COMPONENTS.............................................................................318
NETWORK MANAGEMENT..............................................................320
MINI-LINK BAS..................................................................................321
ACCESS TERMINAL ....................................................................................322
HUB...............................................................................................................324
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ......................................................................324
MINI-LINK HIGH CAPACITY .............................................................326
WCDMA ACCESS NETWORK..........................................................328
APPENDIX B: SELECTION OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA ................329
TRANSMISSION MEDIA ...................................................................331
DESCRIPTIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDIA....................................................332
PROS AND CONS........................................................................................334
TRANSMISSION MEDIA ..............................................................................335
REDUNDANCY.............................................................................................336
RING PROTECTION.....................................................................................337
INVERSE MULTIPLEXING...........................................................................337
CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENTS ...........................................338
DELAY ..........................................................................................................338
APPENDIX C: K-R EXCEL IMPLEMENTATION...............................339
EXCEL IMPLEMENTATION...............................................................341
This is student book from E///
If You need this - send pm for the password (file protected not with my default pass).