Dimensioning of LTE Network. Description of Models and Tools, Coverage and Capacity

[xsdenied07]

Table of Contents

Table of Contents.......................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................v
List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................vi
List of Figures................................................................................................................ix
List of Tables .................................................................................................................ix
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objectives and Approach ................................................................................................. 2
1.1.1 Methodology........................................................................................................................2
1.1.2 Dimensioning Tool.............................................................................................................4
1.2 Thesis Layout ..................................................................................................................... 4
2 Long Term Evolution of 3GPP (LTE) and Dimensioning......................................5
2.1 LTE Overview.................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Requirements for LTE...................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Multiple Access Techniques............................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 OFDMA for DL .................................................................................................................8
2.3.2 SC-FDMA for UL ............................................................................................................11
2.4 Bandwidth Scalability ...................................................................................................... 12
2.5 Network Architecture ..................................................................................................... 13
2.6 E-UTRAN Interfaces...................................................................................................... 15
3 Dimensioning of LTE Network............................................................................ 17
3.1 Wireless Cellular Network Dimensioning.................................................................... 17
3.2 LTE Access Network Dimensioning............................................................................ 21
3.2.1 Inputs of LTE Dimensioning.........................................................................................22
3.2.2 Outputs of LTE Dimensioning......................................................................................23
3.2.3 LTE Dimensioning Process............................................................................................23
4 Coverage Planning and Radio Link Budget.......................................................... 27
4.1 Radio Link Budget........................................................................................................... 28

iv
4.1.1 Other-to-own cell interference (i) ..................................................................................32
4.2 Required SINR................................................................................................................. 33
4.2.1 Spectral Efficiency ............................................................................................................33
4.3 Interference....................................................................................................................... 36
4.4 Coverage-based Site Count ............................................................................................ 38
5 Capacity Planning ................................................................................................ 40
5.1 LTE Capacity Planning................................................................................................... 40
5.2 Average Cell Throughput Calculations......................................................................... 41
5.3 Traffic demand estimation and Overbooking factor.................................................. 43
5.4 Capacity based site count................................................................................................ 44
6 Tool for LTE Dimensioning................................................................................. 45
6.1 Methodology and Structure............................................................................................ 45
6.2 Dimensioning inputs ....................................................................................................... 46
6.3 Tables and background data........................................................................................... 48
6.4 Radio link budget............................................................................................................. 50
6.5 Capacity Evaluator........................................................................................................... 52
6.6 Dimensioning Output..................................................................................................... 53
7 Conclusion and Future Work................................................................................ 56
7.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 56
7.2 Future Work ..................................................................................................................... 57
8 References ............................................................................................................ 58


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[xsdenied07]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Problem statement..................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Research approach and assessment methodology .................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Research approach................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.2 Assessment methodology ..................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Main limits in the scope of the thesis ........................................................................................ 5
1.4 Thesis outline ............................................................................................................................ 5
2 Introduction to LTE ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 LTE design targets and requirements ....................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Capabilities........................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 System performance ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.3 Deployment Aspects............................................................................................................. 9
2.2 LTE radio access and network architecture............................................................................ 10
2.2.1 Radio access ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Network architecture .......................................................................................................... 11
2.3 LTE transmission schemes ...................................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 OFDM, OFDMA and SC-FCDMA.................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 LTE uplink transmission .................................................................................................... 18
2.3.2.1 Frame structure and resource grid............................................................................. 18
2.3.2.2 Uplink data transmission and channels ..................................................................... 20
2.3.2.3 Uplink reference signals ........................................................................................... 21
2.3.2.4 Physical layer procedures in uplink LTE .................................................................. 21
3 LTE Advanced and Relaying......................................................................................................... 23
3.1 LTE Advanced (LTE-A)........................................................................................................... 23
3.1.1 Requirements of LTE Advanced ........................................................................................ 23
3.1.2 Standardization and proposals ............................................................................................ 25
3.1.3 Relaying proposal for LTE-A............................................................................................. 25
3.2 Relaying .................................................................................................................................. 26
3.2.1 The need for relaying ......................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Benefits of relaying ............................................................................................................ 27
3.2.3 Drawbacks of relaying........................................................................................................ 28
3.3 Classification of relays............................................................................................................ 28
3.3.1 Amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying vs. Decode-and-forward (DF) relaying .................... 29
3.4 Heterogeneous cells in LTE-A................................................................................................. 30
3.4.1 Heterogeneous cell deployment ......................................................................................... 30
4 Uplink Power Control in LTE ....................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Power control rationale .......................................................................................................... 32
4.2 Power control in GSM, UMTS and HSPA .............................................................................. 33
4.3 Power control in LTE uplink................................................................................................... 36
4.4 Snapshot uplink simulator....................................................................................................... 39
4.4.1 Characteristics of the simulator .......................................................................................... 39
4.4.2 Simulation parameters ........................................................................................................ 40
4.5 Performance evaluation for fractional power control ............................................................ 41
v
4.5.1 Parameter impacts on SINR distribution and interference ................................................. 41
4.5.2 Performance evaluation rationale ....................................................................................... 43
4.5.3 Performance in interference limited scenario ..................................................................... 44
4.5.4 Performance in noise limited scenario................................................................................ 46
5 Uplink Power Control in Relay Enhanced LTE-A Networks ..................................................... 48
5.1 Performance evaluation of relay enhanced cells (REC) ......................................................... 48
5.1.1 Simulation assumptions...................................................................................................... 49
5.1.2 Simulation results ............................................................................................................... 49
5.2 Performance evaluation of three-tier REC with full compensation power control (FCPC) and
fractional power control (FPC)............................................................................................................. 50
5.2.1 Evaluation methodology and parameter settings................................................................ 51
5.2.1.1 UE transmit power distribution................................................................................. 51
5.2.2 Results for FPC in three-tier REC...................................................................................... 52
5.2.3 Comparison of FPC and FCPC in three-tier REC .............................................................. 55
5.3 Performance improvement with optimal settings in one-tier REC.......................................... 57
5.3.1 Analysis of 0 P at eNB....................................................................................................... 57
5.3.2 Analysis of 0 P at RNs ....................................................................................................... 59
5.3.3 Maximum allowed transmit power with no PC at RNs ...................................................... 60
5.3.4 Maximum allowed transmit power with PC at RNs ........................................................... 62
5.3.5 Comparison of FPC and FCPC with optimized settings..................................................... 64
6 Conclusions and Future Work....................................................................................................... 67
6.1 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 67
6.2 Future work............................................................................................................................. 69
7 Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 70
7.1 Appendix A - Transmission parameters for SC-FDMA LTE uplink ........................................ 70
7.2 Appendix B - System model and default simulation parameters ............................................. 70
7.2.1 Cellular network model...................................................................................................... 71
7.2.2 Propagation model.............................................................................................................. 72
7.2.3 System model ..................................................................................................................... 73
7.2.4 User and traffic model........................................................................................................ 74
7.2.5 Throughput mapping .......................................................................................................... 74
7.3 Appendix C - Simulation parameters of REC.......................................................................... 75
7.4 Appendix D - Some simulation results with light cell load...................................................... 77
7.5 Appendix E - Performance evaluation of REC in Macro3 scenario ....................................... 78
7.6 Appendix F – Investigation of relay link ................................................................................. 79
7.6.1 Resource allocation ............................................................................................................ 79
7.6.2 End-to-end user throughput................................................................................................ 80
8 References ....................................................................................................................................... 82

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