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2012-10-29, 11:35 PM
4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies
Publication Date: January 31, 2006 | ISBN-10: 1580539319 | ISBN-13: 978-1580539319
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Visions 3
1.2 Next Generation 7
1.3 What Is 4G? 12
1.4 Scientific Approach 13
1.4.1 Adaptive and Scalable Air Interfaces 14
1.4.2 Reconfigurable Ambient Networks 15
1.4.3 Security Across All Layers 16
1.4.4 Highly Available Backbone Technologies 17
1.4.5 User Friendly Multimedia Interfaces and
Context-Aware Technologies 18
1.4.6 Flexible Platforms 18
1.5 Preview of the Book 20
References 20
vii
2 A User-Centric Approach to 4G: Visions and Foresights 29
2.1 Introduction and Motivation 29
2.1.1 Introduction 29
2.1.2 Motivation for the Development of a User-Centric View 30
2.2 User Needs and Trends 32
2.2.1 A Service-Driven Approach to 4G 32
2.2.2 User Needs and Trends 33
2.3 A User-Centric Approach to Developing Services 37
2.3.1 Scenario Development 37
2.3.2 Service Development 41
2.4 Scenarios 41
2.4.1 Factors 41
2.4.2 Trends 41
2.4.3 Key Trends 42
2.4.4 Scenario Images 43
2.5 Services 46
2.5.1 Existing Services Classification 46
2.5.2 New Services Extraction 46
2.6 Visions and Foresights 46
2.6.1 ITU Vision 54
2.6.2 Some Approaches to 4G 57
2.6.3 Foreseeing 4G 58
2.7 4G Spectrum Issues 62
2.7.1 Background 63
2.7.2 Plan and Timeline of Global 4G Spectrum Allocation 64
2.7.3 Prospective Frequency Bands 65
2.8 Conclusions 71
References 72
3 Multiple Access Techniques 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Multiple Access Protocols 76
viii 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies
3.2.1 Classification of Multiple Access Protocol 79
3.3 MC-CDMA System 85
3.3.1 MC-CDMA System Design 88
3.3.2 Summary 89
3.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) 91
3.4.1 Frequency Hopping OFDMA 92
3.4.2 Differences Between OFDMA and MC-CDMA 93
3.4.3 Discussions 96
3.5 OFDM-CDMA-SFH (Hybrid) 96
3.5.1 Description 97
3.5.2 Observations and Discussions 100
3.6 VSF-OFCDM 101
3.6.1 Two-Dimensional Spreading Procedure 102
3.6.2 Transceiver Architecture 104
3.6.3 Spreading Configuration 104
3.6.4 Summary 106
3.7 Conclusions 107
References 107
4 Emerging Technologies for 4G 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Multiantenna Technologies 112
4.2.1 Overview of MIMO Technology 112
4.2.2 Adaptive Multiple Antenna Techniques 117
4.2.3 Open-Loop MIMO Solutions 117
4.2.4 Closed-Loop MIMO Solutions 119
4.3 Radio Resource Management 125
4.3.1 QoS Requirements 126
4.3.2 General Formulation of the RRM Problem 128
4.3.3 RRM in Future Wireless Systems 129
4.4 Software Defined Radio (SDR) Communication Systems 132
4.4.1 Definition of SDR Communication System 133
Contents ix
4.4.2 Advantages of SDR Communication Systems 138
4.4.3 Problems in SDR Communication Systems 139
4.4.4 Future Applications of SDR Communication Systems 141
4.4.5 Summary 147
4.5 IP Network Issues 147
4.5.1 Mobility Management 148
4.5.2 Mobile IP 150
4.5.3 Evolution of Mobile IP 151
4.6 Relays for Next Generation 4G Systems 159
4.6.1 Introduction 159
4.6.2 Mobile Relay Types/Deployment Concepts 162
4.6.3 Rationale for Mobile Relays 163
4.6.4 Applicability to Environments 164
4.6.5 Parallels with Other Technologies 164
4.6.6 Cooperative Mobile Relaying 165
4.6.7 Conclusions 166
4.7 Other Enabling Technologies 167
References 167
5 4G Research Initiatives and Developments 179
5.1 Introduction 179
5.2 Major Research Initiatives Focusing on 4G 180
5.2.1 Wireless World Research Forum 180
5.2.2 Mobile IT Forum 184
5.2.3 Future Technology for Universal Radio Environment
Project 190
5.2.4 Next Generation Mobile Communication Forum 192
5.2.5 4G Research Cooperation Projects in the European
Sixth Framework Program 193
5.2.6 The Worldwide Wireless Initiative 198
5.2.7 Samsung 4G Forum 199
5.2.8 The eMobility Technology Platform 200
5.2.9 Other 4G Research Initiatives 200
5.3 Paving the Way to 4G: Worldwide Development 201
x 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies
5.3.1 NTT DoCoMo (Japan) 202
5.3.2 Samsung’s Terrestrial OFDM Packet Access System 203
5.3.3 The Wireless Broadband Project 204
5.3.4 The IEEE 802 Wireless Standards 206
5.4 Discussions and Conclusion 208
References 210
6 4G Terminals 213
6.1 Introduction 213
6.2 Multimode (All-in-One) Versus Single Purpose
Terminals 214
6.3 Future Terminals and Technology 216
6.3.1 Hardware Technology Roadmap 221
6.3.2 Software Technology Roadmap and Issues 223
6.4 Key Applications for Future Mobile Terminals 227
6.4.1 Broadcast 227
6.4.2 Digital Rights Management 228
6.4.3 Multimedia Messaging Service 230
6.4.4 Over-the-Air (OTA) Provisioning 231
6.4.5 Presence 233
6.4.6 PTT over Cellular 234
6.4.7 User Plane Location 235
6.5 Challenges 237
6.6 Conclusions 240
References 241
7 Towards a Unified Convergence on 4G 243
7.1 Short and Long-Term Visions of 4G 244
7.2 The Challenges Ahead 247
7.3 Conclusions 251
References
Publication Date: January 31, 2006 | ISBN-10: 1580539319 | ISBN-13: 978-1580539319
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Visions 3
1.2 Next Generation 7
1.3 What Is 4G? 12
1.4 Scientific Approach 13
1.4.1 Adaptive and Scalable Air Interfaces 14
1.4.2 Reconfigurable Ambient Networks 15
1.4.3 Security Across All Layers 16
1.4.4 Highly Available Backbone Technologies 17
1.4.5 User Friendly Multimedia Interfaces and
Context-Aware Technologies 18
1.4.6 Flexible Platforms 18
1.5 Preview of the Book 20
References 20
vii
2 A User-Centric Approach to 4G: Visions and Foresights 29
2.1 Introduction and Motivation 29
2.1.1 Introduction 29
2.1.2 Motivation for the Development of a User-Centric View 30
2.2 User Needs and Trends 32
2.2.1 A Service-Driven Approach to 4G 32
2.2.2 User Needs and Trends 33
2.3 A User-Centric Approach to Developing Services 37
2.3.1 Scenario Development 37
2.3.2 Service Development 41
2.4 Scenarios 41
2.4.1 Factors 41
2.4.2 Trends 41
2.4.3 Key Trends 42
2.4.4 Scenario Images 43
2.5 Services 46
2.5.1 Existing Services Classification 46
2.5.2 New Services Extraction 46
2.6 Visions and Foresights 46
2.6.1 ITU Vision 54
2.6.2 Some Approaches to 4G 57
2.6.3 Foreseeing 4G 58
2.7 4G Spectrum Issues 62
2.7.1 Background 63
2.7.2 Plan and Timeline of Global 4G Spectrum Allocation 64
2.7.3 Prospective Frequency Bands 65
2.8 Conclusions 71
References 72
3 Multiple Access Techniques 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Multiple Access Protocols 76
viii 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies
3.2.1 Classification of Multiple Access Protocol 79
3.3 MC-CDMA System 85
3.3.1 MC-CDMA System Design 88
3.3.2 Summary 89
3.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) 91
3.4.1 Frequency Hopping OFDMA 92
3.4.2 Differences Between OFDMA and MC-CDMA 93
3.4.3 Discussions 96
3.5 OFDM-CDMA-SFH (Hybrid) 96
3.5.1 Description 97
3.5.2 Observations and Discussions 100
3.6 VSF-OFCDM 101
3.6.1 Two-Dimensional Spreading Procedure 102
3.6.2 Transceiver Architecture 104
3.6.3 Spreading Configuration 104
3.6.4 Summary 106
3.7 Conclusions 107
References 107
4 Emerging Technologies for 4G 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Multiantenna Technologies 112
4.2.1 Overview of MIMO Technology 112
4.2.2 Adaptive Multiple Antenna Techniques 117
4.2.3 Open-Loop MIMO Solutions 117
4.2.4 Closed-Loop MIMO Solutions 119
4.3 Radio Resource Management 125
4.3.1 QoS Requirements 126
4.3.2 General Formulation of the RRM Problem 128
4.3.3 RRM in Future Wireless Systems 129
4.4 Software Defined Radio (SDR) Communication Systems 132
4.4.1 Definition of SDR Communication System 133
Contents ix
4.4.2 Advantages of SDR Communication Systems 138
4.4.3 Problems in SDR Communication Systems 139
4.4.4 Future Applications of SDR Communication Systems 141
4.4.5 Summary 147
4.5 IP Network Issues 147
4.5.1 Mobility Management 148
4.5.2 Mobile IP 150
4.5.3 Evolution of Mobile IP 151
4.6 Relays for Next Generation 4G Systems 159
4.6.1 Introduction 159
4.6.2 Mobile Relay Types/Deployment Concepts 162
4.6.3 Rationale for Mobile Relays 163
4.6.4 Applicability to Environments 164
4.6.5 Parallels with Other Technologies 164
4.6.6 Cooperative Mobile Relaying 165
4.6.7 Conclusions 166
4.7 Other Enabling Technologies 167
References 167
5 4G Research Initiatives and Developments 179
5.1 Introduction 179
5.2 Major Research Initiatives Focusing on 4G 180
5.2.1 Wireless World Research Forum 180
5.2.2 Mobile IT Forum 184
5.2.3 Future Technology for Universal Radio Environment
Project 190
5.2.4 Next Generation Mobile Communication Forum 192
5.2.5 4G Research Cooperation Projects in the European
Sixth Framework Program 193
5.2.6 The Worldwide Wireless Initiative 198
5.2.7 Samsung 4G Forum 199
5.2.8 The eMobility Technology Platform 200
5.2.9 Other 4G Research Initiatives 200
5.3 Paving the Way to 4G: Worldwide Development 201
x 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies
5.3.1 NTT DoCoMo (Japan) 202
5.3.2 Samsung’s Terrestrial OFDM Packet Access System 203
5.3.3 The Wireless Broadband Project 204
5.3.4 The IEEE 802 Wireless Standards 206
5.4 Discussions and Conclusion 208
References 210
6 4G Terminals 213
6.1 Introduction 213
6.2 Multimode (All-in-One) Versus Single Purpose
Terminals 214
6.3 Future Terminals and Technology 216
6.3.1 Hardware Technology Roadmap 221
6.3.2 Software Technology Roadmap and Issues 223
6.4 Key Applications for Future Mobile Terminals 227
6.4.1 Broadcast 227
6.4.2 Digital Rights Management 228
6.4.3 Multimedia Messaging Service 230
6.4.4 Over-the-Air (OTA) Provisioning 231
6.4.5 Presence 233
6.4.6 PTT over Cellular 234
6.4.7 User Plane Location 235
6.5 Challenges 237
6.6 Conclusions 240
References 241
7 Towards a Unified Convergence on 4G 243
7.1 Short and Long-Term Visions of 4G 244
7.2 The Challenges Ahead 247
7.3 Conclusions 251
References