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2012-10-17, 03:09 PM
ESG Engineering Services Group
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RF Network Planning Design Guidelines
Author: Qualcomm
No of pages:172
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Revision History .............................................................................................. 1-1
2 RF Network Design Process ....................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Network Requirements and Project Set Up ....................................................... 2-4
2.2 Preliminary Design ........................................................................................ 2-16
2.2.1 Recommended Outputs from the Preliminary Design Process ..................... 2-19
2.3 Final Design.................................................................................................. 2-21
2.3.1 RF Model Tuning ....................................................................................... 2-21
2.3.2 Site Survey ................................................................................................ 2-22
2.3.3 Coverage and Capacity Analysis ................................................................. 2-23
2.4 Coverage and Capacity Evaluation ................................................................. 2-23
2.4.1 Verification of Coverage Target ................................................................... 2-23
2.4.2 Coverage Evaluation .................................................................................. 2-24
2.4.3 Verification of Capacity Target ................................................................... 2-34
2.4.3.1 Simulation Results per Site ................................................................ 2-36
2.4.3.2 Simulation Results per Sector ............................................................ 2-36
2.4.4 Suitability for Growth ................................................................................ 2-36
2.5 Network Deployment Process ......................................................................... 2-38
3 Coverage Planning ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Reverse Link Coverage..................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Reverse Link Budget and Considerations ......................................................... 3-4
3.2.1 EIRP ........................................................................................................... 3-9
3.2.1.1 Maximum AT Transmit Power (Item A in Table 3-4) ............................... 3-9
3.2.1.2 1xEV-DO Rev. A Reverse Link Structure ............................................. 3-10
3.2.1.3 Traffic Channel Gain Relative to Pilot (Item G0 in Table 3-4) ............... 3-10
3.2.1.4 RL ACK Channel Gain (Item G1in Table 3-4) ....................................... 3-11
3.2.1.5 DRC Channel Gain (Item G2 in Table 3-4) .......................................... 3-11
3.2.1.6 DSC Channel Gain ............................................................................. 3-11
3.2.1.7 RRI Gain (Item G3 in Table 3-4) .......................................................... 3-11
3.2.1.8 Traffic Channel Ratio (Item C in Table 3-4) ......................................... 3-11
3.2.2 Sensitivity ................................................................................................. 3-12
3.2.2.1 Thermal Noise (Item C0 in Table 3-4) .................................................. 3-12
3.2.2.2 BTS Noise Figure (Item E in Table 3-4) ............................................... 3-12
3.2.2.3 System Load Margin (RoT) (Item G in Table 3-4) .................................. 3-13
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C iii Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
3.2.2.4 Effective Data Rate Required for 1xEV-DO Coverage (Item M in Table 3-4) .......................................................................... 3-14
3.2.2.5 RoT Adjustment ................................................................................ 3-15
3.2.2.6 Processing Gain (Item TPG in Table 3-4) ............................................. 3-15
3.2.2.7 Packet Error Rate .............................................................................. 3-15
3.2.2.8 Required Traffic Channel Ec/Nt (Item N in Table 3-4) ......................... 3-15
3.2.2.9 Eb/Nt Requirement ........................................................................... 3-17
3.2.2.10 Receiver Sensitivity (Item RS in Table 3-4) .......................................... 3-17
3.2.3 Gain and Losses ....................................................................................... 3-18
3.2.3.1 Standard Deviation ............................................................................ 3-18
3.2.3.2 Fade Margin ...................................................................................... 3-19
3.2.3.3 Edge Coverage and Area Coverage ...................................................... 3-20
3.2.3.4 Building Penetration Loss (Item S in Table 3-4) .................................. 3-21
3.2.3.5 Combined Fade Margin for Indoor and Outdoor .................................. 3-23
3.2.3.6 Soft Handoff gain ............................................................................... 3-23
3.2.3.7 Head/Body Loss and BTS Rx Antenna Gain (Item HL and GB in Table 3-4) ........................................................... 3-25
3.2.3.8 Impact of H-ARQ on Reverse Link Coverage........................................ 3-26
3.3 Forward Link Coverage ................................................................................. 3-27
3.4 Forward Link Budget .................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.1.1 BTS Maximum EIRP .......................................................................... 3-30
3.4.1.2 Receiver Noise (Item J in Table 3-11) .................................................. 3-31
3.4.1.3 Cell Geometry (Ioc/ Îor) (Item K in Table 3-11) .................................... 3-31
3.4.1.4 Multi-User Diversity Gain (Item YA in Table 3-11) .............................. 3-33
3.4.1.5 Receive Diversity Gain (Item YB in Table 3-11) ................................... 3-34
3.4.1.6 Signal to Noise Ratio: (SINR or C/I Ratio) ........................................... 3-35
3.4.1.7 Relation between SINR and DRC ........................................................ 3-36
4 Capacity Planning ........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Capacity-Coverage Tradeoff ............................................................................. 4-2
4.2 Dimensioning Process Overview ...................................................................... 4-3
4.3 Key Inputs to Dimensioning ............................................................................ 4-4
4.3.1 Example VoIP Call and Usage Model ............................................................ 4-6
4.3.2 Example Best Effort Call and Usage Model .................................................. 4-6
4.3.3 General Erlang Model ................................................................................. 4-7
4.3.4 Erlangs ....................................................................................................... 4-8
4.3.5 Erlang-C ................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.6 M/M/1 Queuing Theory ............................................................................ 4-11
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C iv Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
4.3.7 Mix of 1xEV-DO Rel. 0 and Rev. A ATs on the Forward Link ....................... 4-14
4.3.8 Theoretical and Practical Maximum Reverse and Forward Link Throughputs ........................................................................ 4-16
4.3.9 VoIP and Best Effort Traffic Capacity Simulations ...................................... 4-18
4.4 An Example to Dimension VoIP and Best Effort Traffic ................................... 4-22
4.5 Multi-Service Dimensioning ........................................................................... 4-26
5 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO Overlay Planning ................................................... 5-1
5.1 1:1 and 1:N Overlay Scenarios ......................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Frequency Assignment Challenges in 1:N Overlay ............................................ 5-3
5.2.1 Matched coverage ........................................................................................ 5-4
5.3 Adjacent Channel Interference and the Near-Far Effect .................................... 5-6
5.4 Guard Band vs. Isolation Availability ............................................................... 5-7
5.5 Summary of Recommendations for a 1xEV-DO Overlay Strategy ...................... 5-8
6 Antennas and Planning ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Antenna Components Options ......................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Electrical Requirements ............................................................................... 6-2
6.1.2 Mechanical Requirements ............................................................................ 6-3
6.2 Antenna Radiation Patterns ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3 Antenna Selection ........................................................................................... 6-4
6.3.1 Antenna Vertical Clearance ......................................................................... 6-5
6.3.2 Antenna Skew Angle .................................................................................... 6-6
6.3.3 Isolation ...................................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.4 Self-Interference .......................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.5 Outside-Interference .................................................................................... 6-9
6.4 Antenna Downtilt .......................................................................................... 6-10
7 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Layout Anchor Sites for Coverage Objectives .................................................... 7-1
7.2 Layout Anchor Sites Based on Traffic Demand ................................................. 7-1
7.3 Analyze System under Coverage Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.4 Analyze System under Capacity Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.5 Site Layout and Placement .............................................................................. 7-2
7.5.1 Nominal Macro Sites .................................................................................... 7-2
7.5.2 Umbrella Site .............................................................................................. 7-3
7.6 Search Area Map ............................................................................................. 7-3
7.7 Candidate Site Review Procedure ..................................................................... 7-7
7.7.1 Candidate Site Coverage and Capacity Analysis ........................................... 7-8
7.7.2 Candidate Review Process Checklist............................................................. 7-9
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C v Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
7.8 Site Design Procedures ................................................................................... 7-9
7.8.1 Site Audit Procedures.................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.2 Visual Site Inspection ........................................................................ 7-10
7.8.1.3 Candidate Site Request Form Verification .......................................... 7-11
7.8.1.4 Diagram/Sketch of Roof Layout ......................................................... 7-11
7.8.1.5 Diagram/Sketch Proposed Antenna Configuration ............................. 7-11
7.8.1.6 Sketch Site Surroundings .................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.7 Complete Drive Test Notes ................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.8 Site Audit Finalization ....................................................................... 7-12
8 RF Propagation Models ............................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Line of Sight or Free Space ............................................................................. 8-2
8.2 Hata and Related Model .................................................................................. 8-2
8.3 Breakpoint Model ........................................................................................... 8-4
8.4 COST-231/Walfisch-Ikegami/Walfisch-Bertoni Model ..................................... 8-6
8.5 Standard Propagation Model (SPM) ................................................................. 8-6
8.6 Impact of Terrain and Other Features ............................................................. 8-7
8.7 Ray Tracing .................................................................................................... 8-7
8.8 Model Usage per Morphologies ........................................................................ 8-7
8.9 Model Tuning ................................................................................................. 8-8
8.9.1 Geographic Data ......................................................................................... 8-8
8.9.2 CW Measurement Data ............................................................................... 8-9
8.9.3 Quality Targets ........................................................................................... 8-9
8.9.4 Model Tuning Process ................................................................................. 8-9
8.9.5 Geo Data – Measurement Data Correspondence......................................... 8-10
8.9.6 Data Filtering ........................................................................................... 8-12
Let's Payitfwd!!!
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RF Network Planning Design Guidelines
Author: Qualcomm
No of pages:172
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Revision History .............................................................................................. 1-1
2 RF Network Design Process ....................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Network Requirements and Project Set Up ....................................................... 2-4
2.2 Preliminary Design ........................................................................................ 2-16
2.2.1 Recommended Outputs from the Preliminary Design Process ..................... 2-19
2.3 Final Design.................................................................................................. 2-21
2.3.1 RF Model Tuning ....................................................................................... 2-21
2.3.2 Site Survey ................................................................................................ 2-22
2.3.3 Coverage and Capacity Analysis ................................................................. 2-23
2.4 Coverage and Capacity Evaluation ................................................................. 2-23
2.4.1 Verification of Coverage Target ................................................................... 2-23
2.4.2 Coverage Evaluation .................................................................................. 2-24
2.4.3 Verification of Capacity Target ................................................................... 2-34
2.4.3.1 Simulation Results per Site ................................................................ 2-36
2.4.3.2 Simulation Results per Sector ............................................................ 2-36
2.4.4 Suitability for Growth ................................................................................ 2-36
2.5 Network Deployment Process ......................................................................... 2-38
3 Coverage Planning ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Reverse Link Coverage..................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Reverse Link Budget and Considerations ......................................................... 3-4
3.2.1 EIRP ........................................................................................................... 3-9
3.2.1.1 Maximum AT Transmit Power (Item A in Table 3-4) ............................... 3-9
3.2.1.2 1xEV-DO Rev. A Reverse Link Structure ............................................. 3-10
3.2.1.3 Traffic Channel Gain Relative to Pilot (Item G0 in Table 3-4) ............... 3-10
3.2.1.4 RL ACK Channel Gain (Item G1in Table 3-4) ....................................... 3-11
3.2.1.5 DRC Channel Gain (Item G2 in Table 3-4) .......................................... 3-11
3.2.1.6 DSC Channel Gain ............................................................................. 3-11
3.2.1.7 RRI Gain (Item G3 in Table 3-4) .......................................................... 3-11
3.2.1.8 Traffic Channel Ratio (Item C in Table 3-4) ......................................... 3-11
3.2.2 Sensitivity ................................................................................................. 3-12
3.2.2.1 Thermal Noise (Item C0 in Table 3-4) .................................................. 3-12
3.2.2.2 BTS Noise Figure (Item E in Table 3-4) ............................................... 3-12
3.2.2.3 System Load Margin (RoT) (Item G in Table 3-4) .................................. 3-13
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C iii Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
3.2.2.4 Effective Data Rate Required for 1xEV-DO Coverage (Item M in Table 3-4) .......................................................................... 3-14
3.2.2.5 RoT Adjustment ................................................................................ 3-15
3.2.2.6 Processing Gain (Item TPG in Table 3-4) ............................................. 3-15
3.2.2.7 Packet Error Rate .............................................................................. 3-15
3.2.2.8 Required Traffic Channel Ec/Nt (Item N in Table 3-4) ......................... 3-15
3.2.2.9 Eb/Nt Requirement ........................................................................... 3-17
3.2.2.10 Receiver Sensitivity (Item RS in Table 3-4) .......................................... 3-17
3.2.3 Gain and Losses ....................................................................................... 3-18
3.2.3.1 Standard Deviation ............................................................................ 3-18
3.2.3.2 Fade Margin ...................................................................................... 3-19
3.2.3.3 Edge Coverage and Area Coverage ...................................................... 3-20
3.2.3.4 Building Penetration Loss (Item S in Table 3-4) .................................. 3-21
3.2.3.5 Combined Fade Margin for Indoor and Outdoor .................................. 3-23
3.2.3.6 Soft Handoff gain ............................................................................... 3-23
3.2.3.7 Head/Body Loss and BTS Rx Antenna Gain (Item HL and GB in Table 3-4) ........................................................... 3-25
3.2.3.8 Impact of H-ARQ on Reverse Link Coverage........................................ 3-26
3.3 Forward Link Coverage ................................................................................. 3-27
3.4 Forward Link Budget .................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.1.1 BTS Maximum EIRP .......................................................................... 3-30
3.4.1.2 Receiver Noise (Item J in Table 3-11) .................................................. 3-31
3.4.1.3 Cell Geometry (Ioc/ Îor) (Item K in Table 3-11) .................................... 3-31
3.4.1.4 Multi-User Diversity Gain (Item YA in Table 3-11) .............................. 3-33
3.4.1.5 Receive Diversity Gain (Item YB in Table 3-11) ................................... 3-34
3.4.1.6 Signal to Noise Ratio: (SINR or C/I Ratio) ........................................... 3-35
3.4.1.7 Relation between SINR and DRC ........................................................ 3-36
4 Capacity Planning ........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Capacity-Coverage Tradeoff ............................................................................. 4-2
4.2 Dimensioning Process Overview ...................................................................... 4-3
4.3 Key Inputs to Dimensioning ............................................................................ 4-4
4.3.1 Example VoIP Call and Usage Model ............................................................ 4-6
4.3.2 Example Best Effort Call and Usage Model .................................................. 4-6
4.3.3 General Erlang Model ................................................................................. 4-7
4.3.4 Erlangs ....................................................................................................... 4-8
4.3.5 Erlang-C ................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.6 M/M/1 Queuing Theory ............................................................................ 4-11
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C iv Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
4.3.7 Mix of 1xEV-DO Rel. 0 and Rev. A ATs on the Forward Link ....................... 4-14
4.3.8 Theoretical and Practical Maximum Reverse and Forward Link Throughputs ........................................................................ 4-16
4.3.9 VoIP and Best Effort Traffic Capacity Simulations ...................................... 4-18
4.4 An Example to Dimension VoIP and Best Effort Traffic ................................... 4-22
4.5 Multi-Service Dimensioning ........................................................................... 4-26
5 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO Overlay Planning ................................................... 5-1
5.1 1:1 and 1:N Overlay Scenarios ......................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Frequency Assignment Challenges in 1:N Overlay ............................................ 5-3
5.2.1 Matched coverage ........................................................................................ 5-4
5.3 Adjacent Channel Interference and the Near-Far Effect .................................... 5-6
5.4 Guard Band vs. Isolation Availability ............................................................... 5-7
5.5 Summary of Recommendations for a 1xEV-DO Overlay Strategy ...................... 5-8
6 Antennas and Planning ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Antenna Components Options ......................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Electrical Requirements ............................................................................... 6-2
6.1.2 Mechanical Requirements ............................................................................ 6-3
6.2 Antenna Radiation Patterns ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3 Antenna Selection ........................................................................................... 6-4
6.3.1 Antenna Vertical Clearance ......................................................................... 6-5
6.3.2 Antenna Skew Angle .................................................................................... 6-6
6.3.3 Isolation ...................................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.4 Self-Interference .......................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.5 Outside-Interference .................................................................................... 6-9
6.4 Antenna Downtilt .......................................................................................... 6-10
7 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Layout Anchor Sites for Coverage Objectives .................................................... 7-1
7.2 Layout Anchor Sites Based on Traffic Demand ................................................. 7-1
7.3 Analyze System under Coverage Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.4 Analyze System under Capacity Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.5 Site Layout and Placement .............................................................................. 7-2
7.5.1 Nominal Macro Sites .................................................................................... 7-2
7.5.2 Umbrella Site .............................................................................................. 7-3
7.6 Search Area Map ............................................................................................. 7-3
7.7 Candidate Site Review Procedure ..................................................................... 7-7
7.7.1 Candidate Site Coverage and Capacity Analysis ........................................... 7-8
7.7.2 Candidate Review Process Checklist............................................................. 7-9
Table of Contents
80-W1730-1 Rev C v Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
7.8 Site Design Procedures ................................................................................... 7-9
7.8.1 Site Audit Procedures.................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.2 Visual Site Inspection ........................................................................ 7-10
7.8.1.3 Candidate Site Request Form Verification .......................................... 7-11
7.8.1.4 Diagram/Sketch of Roof Layout ......................................................... 7-11
7.8.1.5 Diagram/Sketch Proposed Antenna Configuration ............................. 7-11
7.8.1.6 Sketch Site Surroundings .................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.7 Complete Drive Test Notes ................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.8 Site Audit Finalization ....................................................................... 7-12
8 RF Propagation Models ............................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Line of Sight or Free Space ............................................................................. 8-2
8.2 Hata and Related Model .................................................................................. 8-2
8.3 Breakpoint Model ........................................................................................... 8-4
8.4 COST-231/Walfisch-Ikegami/Walfisch-Bertoni Model ..................................... 8-6
8.5 Standard Propagation Model (SPM) ................................................................. 8-6
8.6 Impact of Terrain and Other Features ............................................................. 8-7
8.7 Ray Tracing .................................................................................................... 8-7
8.8 Model Usage per Morphologies ........................................................................ 8-7
8.9 Model Tuning ................................................................................................. 8-8
8.9.1 Geographic Data ......................................................................................... 8-8
8.9.2 CW Measurement Data ............................................................................... 8-9
8.9.3 Quality Targets ........................................................................................... 8-9
8.9.4 Model Tuning Process ................................................................................. 8-9
8.9.5 Geo Data – Measurement Data Correspondence......................................... 8-10
8.9.6 Data Filtering ........................................................................................... 8-12
Let's Payitfwd!!!