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2012-10-17, 03:02 PM
ESG Engineering Services Group
CDMA2000 1xRTT RF Network Planning Design Guidelines
Author : Qualcomm
No of pages:138
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Revision History .............................................................................................. 1-1
2 RF Network Design Process ....................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Network Requirements and Project Set Up ....................................................... 2-4
2.2 Preliminary Design ........................................................................................ 2-16
2.3 Final Design.................................................................................................. 2-22
2.3.1 RF Model Tuning ....................................................................................... 2-22
2.3.2 Site Survey ................................................................................................ 2-23
2.3.3 Coverage and Capacity Analysis ................................................................. 2-24
2.4 Coverage and Capacity Evaluation ................................................................. 2-24
2.4.1 Verification of Coverage Target ................................................................... 2-24
2.4.2 Coverage Evaluation .................................................................................. 2-25
2.4.3 Verification of Capacity Target ................................................................... 2-32
2.4.4 Suitability for growth ................................................................................. 2-34
2.5 Network Deployment Process ......................................................................... 2-36
3 Coverage Planning ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Reverse Link Coverage..................................................................................... 3-3
3.2 Reverse Link Budget and Considerations ......................................................... 3-3
3.2.1 EIRP ........................................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.2 Sensitivity ................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.3 Gain and losses: .......................................................................................... 3-8
3.3 Forward Link Coverage .................................................................................. 3-14
3.4 Forward Link Budget..................................................................................... 3-15
3.5 Coverage Plot Examples ................................................................................ 3-20
3.5.1 Best Server Plot ......................................................................................... 3-20
3.5.2 Ec/Io (Low Load) Plot .................................................................................. 3-21
3.5.3 1x Data Rates Coverage Plot ...................................................................... 3-22
3.5.4 Pilot Pollution Plot (Number of server Plot) ................................................. 3-23
4 Capacity Planning ........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Capacity-Coverage Tradeoff ............................................................................. 4-1
4.2 General Traffic Engineering ............................................................................. 4-2
4.2.1 System Definitions ...................................................................................... 4-2
4.2.2 Packet Traffic Profile .................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Erlang Theory ............................................................................................. 4-4
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary iii
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
4.2.3.1 General Erlang Model ........................................................................... 4-5
4.2.3.2 Erlang-B Model .................................................................................... 4-6
4.2.3.3 Erlang-C .............................................................................................. 4-7
4.2.4 M/M/1 Queuing Theory .............................................................................. 4-7
4.2.5 Multi-Services Tradeoff (Voice and Packet) ................................................... 4-9
4.3 Dimensioning Process Overview ..................................................................... 4-10
4.4 Key Inputs to Dimensioning .......................................................................... 4-11
4.5 CDMA Specific Traffic Engineering ................................................................. 4-14
4.6 CDMA 1X Reverse Link Capacity ................................................................... 4-15
4.7 CDMA 1X Forward Link Capacity .................................................................. 4-16
4.8 Dimensioning Example .................................................................................. 4-17
4.8.1 Dimensioning Requirements and Assumptions ........................................... 4-17
4.8.2 Manipulate Traffic Input and Traffic Mix .................................................... 4-17
4.8.3 Dimensioning with Traffic Mix ................................................................... 4-18
5 PN offset & Neighbor Planning ................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Basics of PN offset ........................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 PN offset Planning ........................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 Determination of ―PILOT_INC‖...................................................................... 5-3
5.2.2 PN offset assignment and reuse pattern ....................................................... 5-4
5.2.2.1 Criteria in automatic PN offset planning ............................................... 5-4
5.2.2.2 Manual PN offset planning ................................................................... 5-5
5.3 Neighbor List Planning .................................................................................... 5-8
5.3.1 Neighbor List planning strategy ................................................................... 5-8
5.3.2 Neighbor List planning method .................................................................. 5-10
6 Antennas and Planning ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Antenna Components Options ......................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Electrical Requirements ............................................................................... 6-2
6.1.2 Mechanical Requirements ............................................................................ 6-3
6.2 Antenna Radiation Patterns ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3 Antenna Selection ........................................................................................... 6-4
6.3.1 Antenna Vertical Clearance ......................................................................... 6-5
6.3.2 Antenna Skew Angle .................................................................................... 6-6
6.3.3 Isolation ...................................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.4 Self-Interference .......................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.5 Outside-Interference .................................................................................... 6-9
6.4 Antenna Downtilt .......................................................................................... 6-10
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary iv
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
7 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Layout Anchor Sites for Coverage Objectives .................................................... 7-1
7.2 Layout Anchor Sites Based on Traffic Demand ................................................. 7-1
7.3 Analyze System under Coverage Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.4 Analyze System under Capacity Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.5 Site Layout and Placement .............................................................................. 7-2
7.5.1 Nominal Macro Sites .................................................................................... 7-2
7.5.2 Umbrella Site .............................................................................................. 7-3
7.6 Search Area Map ............................................................................................. 7-3
7.7 Candidate Site Review Procedure ..................................................................... 7-7
7.7.1 Candidate Site Coverage and Capacity Analysis ........................................... 7-8
7.7.2 Candidate Review Process Checklist............................................................. 7-9
7.8 Site design procedures .................................................................................... 7-9
7.8.1 Site Audit Procedures .................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.2 Visual Site Inspection ........................................................................ 7-10
7.8.1.3 Candidate Site Request Form Verification ........................................... 7-11
7.8.1.4 Diagram/Sketch of Roof Layout .......................................................... 7-11
7.8.1.5 Diagram/Sketch Proposed Antenna Configuration .............................. 7-11
7.8.1.6 Sketch Site Surroundings .................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.7 Complete Drive Test Notes .................................................................. 7-12
7.8.1.8 Site Audit Finalization ........................................................................ 7-12
8 RF Propagation Models ............................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Line of sight or free space ................................................................................ 8-2
8.2 Hata and Related Model .................................................................................. 8-2
8.3 Breakpoint model ............................................................................................ 8-4
8.4 COST-231/Walfisch-Ikegami/Walfisch-Bertoni Model ...................................... 8-6
8.5 Standard Propagation Model (SPM) .................................................................. 8-6
8.6 Impact of terrain and other features ................................................................ 8-7
8.7 Ray tracing ..................................................................................................... 8-7
8.8 Model usage per morphologies ......................................................................... 8-7
8.9 Model Tuning .................................................................................................. 8-8
8.9.1 Geographic Data ......................................................................................... 8-8
8.9.2 CW Measurement Data ................................................................................ 8-9
8.9.3 Quality Targets ............................................................................................ 8-9
8.9.4 Model Tuning Process .................................................................................. 8-9
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary v
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
8.9.5 Geo Data – Measurement Data Correspondence ......................................... 8-10
8.9.6 Data Filtering ............................................................................................ 8-12
CDMA2000 1xRTT RF Network Planning Design Guidelines
Author : Qualcomm
No of pages:138
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Revision History .............................................................................................. 1-1
2 RF Network Design Process ....................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Network Requirements and Project Set Up ....................................................... 2-4
2.2 Preliminary Design ........................................................................................ 2-16
2.3 Final Design.................................................................................................. 2-22
2.3.1 RF Model Tuning ....................................................................................... 2-22
2.3.2 Site Survey ................................................................................................ 2-23
2.3.3 Coverage and Capacity Analysis ................................................................. 2-24
2.4 Coverage and Capacity Evaluation ................................................................. 2-24
2.4.1 Verification of Coverage Target ................................................................... 2-24
2.4.2 Coverage Evaluation .................................................................................. 2-25
2.4.3 Verification of Capacity Target ................................................................... 2-32
2.4.4 Suitability for growth ................................................................................. 2-34
2.5 Network Deployment Process ......................................................................... 2-36
3 Coverage Planning ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Reverse Link Coverage..................................................................................... 3-3
3.2 Reverse Link Budget and Considerations ......................................................... 3-3
3.2.1 EIRP ........................................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.2 Sensitivity ................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.3 Gain and losses: .......................................................................................... 3-8
3.3 Forward Link Coverage .................................................................................. 3-14
3.4 Forward Link Budget..................................................................................... 3-15
3.5 Coverage Plot Examples ................................................................................ 3-20
3.5.1 Best Server Plot ......................................................................................... 3-20
3.5.2 Ec/Io (Low Load) Plot .................................................................................. 3-21
3.5.3 1x Data Rates Coverage Plot ...................................................................... 3-22
3.5.4 Pilot Pollution Plot (Number of server Plot) ................................................. 3-23
4 Capacity Planning ........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Capacity-Coverage Tradeoff ............................................................................. 4-1
4.2 General Traffic Engineering ............................................................................. 4-2
4.2.1 System Definitions ...................................................................................... 4-2
4.2.2 Packet Traffic Profile .................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Erlang Theory ............................................................................................. 4-4
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary iii
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
4.2.3.1 General Erlang Model ........................................................................... 4-5
4.2.3.2 Erlang-B Model .................................................................................... 4-6
4.2.3.3 Erlang-C .............................................................................................. 4-7
4.2.4 M/M/1 Queuing Theory .............................................................................. 4-7
4.2.5 Multi-Services Tradeoff (Voice and Packet) ................................................... 4-9
4.3 Dimensioning Process Overview ..................................................................... 4-10
4.4 Key Inputs to Dimensioning .......................................................................... 4-11
4.5 CDMA Specific Traffic Engineering ................................................................. 4-14
4.6 CDMA 1X Reverse Link Capacity ................................................................... 4-15
4.7 CDMA 1X Forward Link Capacity .................................................................. 4-16
4.8 Dimensioning Example .................................................................................. 4-17
4.8.1 Dimensioning Requirements and Assumptions ........................................... 4-17
4.8.2 Manipulate Traffic Input and Traffic Mix .................................................... 4-17
4.8.3 Dimensioning with Traffic Mix ................................................................... 4-18
5 PN offset & Neighbor Planning ................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Basics of PN offset ........................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 PN offset Planning ........................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 Determination of ―PILOT_INC‖...................................................................... 5-3
5.2.2 PN offset assignment and reuse pattern ....................................................... 5-4
5.2.2.1 Criteria in automatic PN offset planning ............................................... 5-4
5.2.2.2 Manual PN offset planning ................................................................... 5-5
5.3 Neighbor List Planning .................................................................................... 5-8
5.3.1 Neighbor List planning strategy ................................................................... 5-8
5.3.2 Neighbor List planning method .................................................................. 5-10
6 Antennas and Planning ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Antenna Components Options ......................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Electrical Requirements ............................................................................... 6-2
6.1.2 Mechanical Requirements ............................................................................ 6-3
6.2 Antenna Radiation Patterns ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3 Antenna Selection ........................................................................................... 6-4
6.3.1 Antenna Vertical Clearance ......................................................................... 6-5
6.3.2 Antenna Skew Angle .................................................................................... 6-6
6.3.3 Isolation ...................................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.4 Self-Interference .......................................................................................... 6-8
6.3.5 Outside-Interference .................................................................................... 6-9
6.4 Antenna Downtilt .......................................................................................... 6-10
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary iv
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
7 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Layout Anchor Sites for Coverage Objectives .................................................... 7-1
7.2 Layout Anchor Sites Based on Traffic Demand ................................................. 7-1
7.3 Analyze System under Coverage Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.4 Analyze System under Capacity Objectives ...................................................... 7-2
7.5 Site Layout and Placement .............................................................................. 7-2
7.5.1 Nominal Macro Sites .................................................................................... 7-2
7.5.2 Umbrella Site .............................................................................................. 7-3
7.6 Search Area Map ............................................................................................. 7-3
7.7 Candidate Site Review Procedure ..................................................................... 7-7
7.7.1 Candidate Site Coverage and Capacity Analysis ........................................... 7-8
7.7.2 Candidate Review Process Checklist............................................................. 7-9
7.8 Site design procedures .................................................................................... 7-9
7.8.1 Site Audit Procedures .................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 7-9
7.8.1.2 Visual Site Inspection ........................................................................ 7-10
7.8.1.3 Candidate Site Request Form Verification ........................................... 7-11
7.8.1.4 Diagram/Sketch of Roof Layout .......................................................... 7-11
7.8.1.5 Diagram/Sketch Proposed Antenna Configuration .............................. 7-11
7.8.1.6 Sketch Site Surroundings .................................................................. 7-11
7.8.1.7 Complete Drive Test Notes .................................................................. 7-12
7.8.1.8 Site Audit Finalization ........................................................................ 7-12
8 RF Propagation Models ............................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Line of sight or free space ................................................................................ 8-2
8.2 Hata and Related Model .................................................................................. 8-2
8.3 Breakpoint model ............................................................................................ 8-4
8.4 COST-231/Walfisch-Ikegami/Walfisch-Bertoni Model ...................................... 8-6
8.5 Standard Propagation Model (SPM) .................................................................. 8-6
8.6 Impact of terrain and other features ................................................................ 8-7
8.7 Ray tracing ..................................................................................................... 8-7
8.8 Model usage per morphologies ......................................................................... 8-7
8.9 Model Tuning .................................................................................................. 8-8
8.9.1 Geographic Data ......................................................................................... 8-8
8.9.2 CW Measurement Data ................................................................................ 8-9
8.9.3 Quality Targets ............................................................................................ 8-9
8.9.4 Model Tuning Process .................................................................................. 8-9
Table of Content
80-W1898-1 Rev A Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary v
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
8.9.5 Geo Data – Measurement Data Correspondence ......................................... 8-10
8.9.6 Data Filtering ............................................................................................ 8-12