aubidamax
2012-10-03, 11:45 PM
hi all
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1
1.1. Evolution of wireless technology...................................................................1
1.2. Objectives and scope of the research .............................................................2
1.3. Research methodology ...................................................................................3
2. LONG TERM EVOLUTION ...................................................................................4
2.1. LTE requirements...........................................................................................4
2.2. Evolved Packet System (EPS) .......................................................................5
2.2.1. Logical elements of EPS..................................................................6
2.2.2. Interfaces and Protocols ...................................................................9
3. LTE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY ...............................................................11
3.1. Introduction to OFDM .................................................................................11
3.2. Single Carrier FDMA...................................................................................12
3.3. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).....................................................13
3.4. Modulation techniques .................................................................................14
3.5. LTE frame structure .....................................................................................14
4. EPS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (EMM) ..........................................................16
4.1. EPS connection procedure ...........................................................................16
4.2. IDLE state mobility management ................................................................17
4.2.1. Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection...........................17
4.2.2. Cell selection..................................................................................17
4.2.3. Cell re-selection .............................................................................18
4.2.4. Location Management....................................................................19
4.3. Handover ......................................................................................................20
4.3.1. Intra-LTE handover........................................................................20
4.3.2. Inter RAT handover .......................................................................25
4.4. Measurement events and triggers.................................................................25
5. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS..........................................................................27
5.1. Link adaptation.............................................................................................27
5.2. Physical Cell Identity (PCI) .........................................................................28
5.3. Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)..................................................28
5.4. Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) ...............................................28
5.5. Signal to Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) ..................................................29
5.6. Capacity of memoryless channels ................................................................30
5.7. Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)..........................................................31
5.8. Downlink throughput ...................................................................................31
6. RADIO COVERAGE AND LINK BUDGET........................................................33
6.1. Free space model..........................................................................................33
6.2. Okumura-Hata model...................................................................................34
6.3. Link budget calculations ..............................................................................34
6.3.1. Cell edge SINR calculations ..........................................................35
6.4. Theoretical cell coverage calculations .........................................................36
7. MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS..................................................................38
7.1. LTE 800 MHz coverage measurements .......................................................40
7.1.1. Measurement setup ........................................................................40
7.1.2. CQI and link adaptation .................................................................40
7.1.3. RSRP coverage analysis.................................................................44
7.1.4. RSRQ coverage analysis................................................................51
7.1.5. SNR analysis ..................................................................................53
7.1.6. Downlink throughput analysis .......................................................56
7.2. LTE 1800 MHz measurements and comparison..........................................60
7.2.1. CQI and link adaptation comparison .............................................60
7.2.2. RSRP comparison ..........................................................................62
7.2.3. RSRQ comparison..........................................................................66
7.2.4. SNR comparison ............................................................................68
7.2.5. Throughput comparison .................................................................70
7.3. UMTS 900 comparison ................................................................................73
7.3.1. RSRP vs. RSCP..............................................................................73
7.3.2. Throughput comparison .................................................................74
8. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................77
8.1. Measurement analysis ..................................................................................77
8.2. Reliability and validity test ..........................................................................78
8.3. Limitations of the analysis ...........................................................................78
8.4. Moving ahead...............................................................................................78
REFERENCES................................................................................................................80
APPENDIX................................................................................................................
-------------------------------------------------------------
Direct link:
http://dspace.cc.tut.fi/dpub/bitstream/handle/123456789/21173/sainju.pdf?sequence=1
--------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1
1.1. Evolution of wireless technology...................................................................1
1.2. Objectives and scope of the research .............................................................2
1.3. Research methodology ...................................................................................3
2. LONG TERM EVOLUTION ...................................................................................4
2.1. LTE requirements...........................................................................................4
2.2. Evolved Packet System (EPS) .......................................................................5
2.2.1. Logical elements of EPS..................................................................6
2.2.2. Interfaces and Protocols ...................................................................9
3. LTE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY ...............................................................11
3.1. Introduction to OFDM .................................................................................11
3.2. Single Carrier FDMA...................................................................................12
3.3. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).....................................................13
3.4. Modulation techniques .................................................................................14
3.5. LTE frame structure .....................................................................................14
4. EPS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (EMM) ..........................................................16
4.1. EPS connection procedure ...........................................................................16
4.2. IDLE state mobility management ................................................................17
4.2.1. Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection...........................17
4.2.2. Cell selection..................................................................................17
4.2.3. Cell re-selection .............................................................................18
4.2.4. Location Management....................................................................19
4.3. Handover ......................................................................................................20
4.3.1. Intra-LTE handover........................................................................20
4.3.2. Inter RAT handover .......................................................................25
4.4. Measurement events and triggers.................................................................25
5. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS..........................................................................27
5.1. Link adaptation.............................................................................................27
5.2. Physical Cell Identity (PCI) .........................................................................28
5.3. Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)..................................................28
5.4. Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) ...............................................28
5.5. Signal to Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) ..................................................29
5.6. Capacity of memoryless channels ................................................................30
5.7. Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)..........................................................31
5.8. Downlink throughput ...................................................................................31
6. RADIO COVERAGE AND LINK BUDGET........................................................33
6.1. Free space model..........................................................................................33
6.2. Okumura-Hata model...................................................................................34
6.3. Link budget calculations ..............................................................................34
6.3.1. Cell edge SINR calculations ..........................................................35
6.4. Theoretical cell coverage calculations .........................................................36
7. MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS..................................................................38
7.1. LTE 800 MHz coverage measurements .......................................................40
7.1.1. Measurement setup ........................................................................40
7.1.2. CQI and link adaptation .................................................................40
7.1.3. RSRP coverage analysis.................................................................44
7.1.4. RSRQ coverage analysis................................................................51
7.1.5. SNR analysis ..................................................................................53
7.1.6. Downlink throughput analysis .......................................................56
7.2. LTE 1800 MHz measurements and comparison..........................................60
7.2.1. CQI and link adaptation comparison .............................................60
7.2.2. RSRP comparison ..........................................................................62
7.2.3. RSRQ comparison..........................................................................66
7.2.4. SNR comparison ............................................................................68
7.2.5. Throughput comparison .................................................................70
7.3. UMTS 900 comparison ................................................................................73
7.3.1. RSRP vs. RSCP..............................................................................73
7.3.2. Throughput comparison .................................................................74
8. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................77
8.1. Measurement analysis ..................................................................................77
8.2. Reliability and validity test ..........................................................................78
8.3. Limitations of the analysis ...........................................................................78
8.4. Moving ahead...............................................................................................78
REFERENCES................................................................................................................80
APPENDIX................................................................................................................
-------------------------------------------------------------
Direct link:
http://dspace.cc.tut.fi/dpub/bitstream/handle/123456789/21173/sainju.pdf?sequence=1