raghchau
2012-02-05, 06:00 PM
The aim of this book is to provide comprehensive coverage of current state of the art theoretical and technological aspects of broadband mobile and wireless networks focusing on Long Term Evolution Network. The presentation starts from basic principles, and proceeds to the most advanced topics. Provided schemes are developed and oriented in the context of actual closed standards of the IEEE working groups and the 3 GPPP LTE. Also this book will focus on the understanding of the LTE technology as well as the study of its performance in terms of mobility, quality of service, security, resource allocation.
Common terms and phrases:
3GPP femtocell OFDM OFDMACover
Understanding LTE and its Performance
ISBN 9781441964564
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Acronyms
Part I: Understanding LTE
1 Introduction to Mobile Broadband Wireless
1.1 Mobile Generation Networks
1.1.1 First-Generation Mobile 1G
1.1.2 Second-Generation Mobile 2G
1.1.3 Third-Generation Mobile 3G
1.1.4 The Path Toward 4G
1.2 LTE and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies
1.2.1 Mobile WiMAX
1.2.2 WiFi
1.3 Overview of LTE
1.3.1 Relevant Features of LTE
1.3.2 Relevant Features of LTE-Advanced
1.4 Summary and Conclusion
References
2 Network Architecture and Protocols
2.1 Architecture Model and Concepts
2.2 Architecture Reference Model
2.2.1 Functional Description of LTE Network
2.2.2 Reference Points
2.3 Control and User Planes
2.3.1 User Plane
2.3.2 Control Plane
2.3.3 X2 Interface in User and Control Planes
2.3.4 S1 Interface in User and Control Planes
2.4 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBSM)
2.4.1 MBMS Service Architecture
2.4.2 MBMS Service Deployment
2.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol
2.6 Network Discovery and Selection
2.7 Radio Resource Management
2.7.1 Radio Bearer Control (RBC)
2.7.2 Connection Mobility Control (CMC)
2.7.3 Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) -- Packet Scheduling (PS)
2.7.4 Inter-cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)
2.7.5 Load Balancing (LB)
2.7.6 Inter-RAT Radio Resource Management
2.7.7 Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority
2.8 Authentication and Authorization
2.8.1 User Authentication, Key Agreement, and Key Generation
2.8.2 Signaling and User-Plane Security
2.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
3 LTE Radio Layer Design
3.1 Layer 2 Design
3.2 MAC Sublayer
3.2.1 Logical Channels
3.2.2 Transport Channels
3.2.3 Mapping of Transport Channels to Logical Channels
3.2.4 MAC Transport Block Structure
3.2.5 HARQ
3.2.6 Buffer Status Reporting
3.2.7 Random Access Procedure
3.2.8 Scheduling Request
3.3 PDCP Sublayer
3.3.1 Header Compression and Decompression
3.3.2 Ciphering and Deciphering
3.3.3 Integrity Protection and Verification
3.4 RLC Sublayer
3.5 Summary and Conclusion
References
4 LTE Phyiscal Layer
4.1 LTE Fundamental Concepts of PHY Layer
4.1.1 Single-Carrier Modulation and Channel Equalization
4.1.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing
4.1.3 OFDM
4.1.4 Link Adaptation
4.1.5 Generic Radio Frame Structure
4.1.6 Downlink Reference Signals
4.1.7 Uplink Reference Signals
4.1.8 Downlink Control Channel
4.1.9 Uplink Control Channel
4.2 MIMO and LTE
4.3 MIMO and MRC
4.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part II: LTE Key Features
5 Quality of Service
5.1 QoS Mechanisms
5.2 QoS Control at Bearer Level
5.2.1 QoS Parameters
5.2.2 Network Initiation QoS
5.3 QoS Control at Service Data Flow Level
5.3.1 Policy and Charging Control Rule
5.4 Multimedia Session Management
5.4.1 Session Initiation Protocol
5.4.2 Registration and IMS
5.4.3 QoS Provisioning and IMS
5.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
6 Interworking Design for LTE Convergence
6.1 General Design Principles of the Interworking Architecture
6.2 Interworking Scenario
6.3 LTE Interworking with IEEE
6.3.1 Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking Architecture
6.3.2 WLAN and LTE Interworking
6.3.3 Network Discovery and Selection
6.4 LTE Interworking with 3GPP2
6.4.1 E-UTRAN and HRPD
6.5 IEEE 802.21
6.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
7 Mobility
7.1 Mobility Management
7.1.1 Location Management
7.1.2 Handover Management
7.2 Mobile IP
7.2.1 Registering the Care-of Address
7.2.2 Automatic Home Agent discovery
7.2.3 Tunneling to the Care-of Address
7.2.4 Proxy and Gratuitous Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
7.3 Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6
7.3.1 Reverse Tunnels
7.3.2 Use of Route Optimization
7.4 Proxy Mobile IP
7.4.1 Idle Mode Mobility
7.4.2 Active Mode Mobility
7.4.3 Handover Using the S1 Interface
7.4.4 Inter-MME Handover Using the S1 Interface (Without Changing S-GW)
7.5 Inter-RAT Handover: E-UTRAN to UTRAN Iu Mode
7.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
8 LTE and Femtocell
8.1 Behind Femtocell Emergence
8.2 Femtocell Technology
8.3 Femtocell Benefits
8.3.1 User Benefits
8.3.2 Operator Benefits
8.4 LTE Femtocell Design Issues
8.4.1 LTE Femtocell Architecture
8.5 LTE Femtocell Deployment Scenarios
8.5.1 Scenario 1
8.5.2 Scenario 2
8.5.3 Scenario 3
8.6 Femtocell Access Control Strategy
8.6.1 CSG Concept
8.6.2 Physical Cell Identity
8.7 LTE Femtocell Challenges and Technical Issues
8.7.1 Interference
8.7.2 Spectrum Allocation
8.7.3 Access Mode Impact
8.7.4 Security and Privacy Challenges
8.7.5 Synchronization
8.7.6 Mobility
8.8 Summary and Conclusion
References
Part III: LTE Performance
9 Downlink Radio Resource Allocation Strategies in LTE Networks
9.1 An Overview of Resource Allocation Techniques in OFDMA Systems
9.2 System Model
9.3 OFDMA Key Principles -- Analysis and Performance Characterizations
9.3.1 OFDMA Slot Structure in LTE Generic Frame
9.3.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
9.3.3 Multiuser Diversity
9.3.4 Capacity Analysis -- Time and Frequency Domain
9.4 Proposed Radio Resource Allocation Strategies
9.4.1 Problem Formulation
9.4.2 Adaptive Slot Allocation (ASA) Algorithm
9.4.3 Reservation-Based Slot Allocation (RSA) Algorithm
9.5 Performance Evaluation
9.5.1 Simulation Parameters
9.5.2 Simulation Results
9.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Performance Study of Opportunistic Scheduling in LTE Networks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Downlink System Model
10.3 Opportunistic Packet Scheduling Algorithms
10.3.1 Proportional Fairness (PF)
10.3.2 Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First (M-LWDF)
10.3.3 Exponential Proportional Fairness (EXP/PF)
10.4 Simulation Environment
10.5 Traffic Model
10.6 Simulation Results
10.6.1 Packet Loss Ratio
10.6.2 Delay
10.6.3 Throughput
10.6.4 Fairness Index
10.6.5 Cell Spectral Efficiency
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Cross-Layer Multiservice Scheduling for LTE Networks
11.1 Channel-Based Scheduling Solutions
11.1.1 Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (M-LWDF) Algorithm
11.1.2 Exponential (EXP) Algorithm
11.1.3 Delay-Based Utility Optimization Algorithm
11.1.4 Maximum Fairness (MF) Algorithm
11.2 Channel-Aware Class-Based Queue (CACBQ) -- The Proposed Solution
11.2.1 System Model
11.2.2 Channel-Aware Class-Based Queue (CACBQ) Framework
11.3 CACBQ Performance Evaluation
11.3.1 Simulation Environment
11.3.2 Traffic Model
11.3.3 Simulation Results
11.3.4 Fairness and Efficiency
11.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
12 Fractional Frequency Reuse in LTE Networks
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Proposed Design for LTE Network Architecture
12.2.1 Radio Resource Allocation Model
12.2.2 Link Model
12.2.3 Problem Formulation
12.3 Hierarchical Resource Allocation Approach (HRAA)
12.3.1 Resource Allocation at RRC
12.3.2 Resource Allocation at the eNodeB
12.4 Numerical Results
12.4.1 Simulation Environment
12.4.2 Simulation Results
12.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
13 Performance Study of Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Handover Overview
13.3 Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking Architecture
13.4 Handover Decision-Based Neyman--Pearson Lemma
13.5 Handover Execution Based on FMIPv6
13.6 Performance Evaluation
13.6.1 Scenario 1
13.6.2 Scenario 2
13.6.3 Scenario 3
13.7 Simulation Results
13.8 Summary and Conclusions
References
14 LTE Femtocell Integration with Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks and RFID Technologies
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Handover Management
14.2 Motivation and Proposal Overview
14.3 Scheme A: RFID-Assisted Network Movement Detection
14.3.1 System Architecture Design
14.3.2 Mechanism
14.4 Scheme B: Deploying RFID and WSAN for Improving Handover at Link and Network Layer
14.4.1 System Architecture Design
14.4.2 Mechanism
14.5 Theoretical Analysis
14.5.1 Time Response
14.6 Performance Analysis
14.6.1 Simulation Setup
14.6.2 Accuracy Analysis
14.6.3 Time Latency
14.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendix A: LTE Operators
Index
Common terms and phrases:
3GPP femtocell OFDM OFDMACover
Understanding LTE and its Performance
ISBN 9781441964564
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Acronyms
Part I: Understanding LTE
1 Introduction to Mobile Broadband Wireless
1.1 Mobile Generation Networks
1.1.1 First-Generation Mobile 1G
1.1.2 Second-Generation Mobile 2G
1.1.3 Third-Generation Mobile 3G
1.1.4 The Path Toward 4G
1.2 LTE and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies
1.2.1 Mobile WiMAX
1.2.2 WiFi
1.3 Overview of LTE
1.3.1 Relevant Features of LTE
1.3.2 Relevant Features of LTE-Advanced
1.4 Summary and Conclusion
References
2 Network Architecture and Protocols
2.1 Architecture Model and Concepts
2.2 Architecture Reference Model
2.2.1 Functional Description of LTE Network
2.2.2 Reference Points
2.3 Control and User Planes
2.3.1 User Plane
2.3.2 Control Plane
2.3.3 X2 Interface in User and Control Planes
2.3.4 S1 Interface in User and Control Planes
2.4 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBSM)
2.4.1 MBMS Service Architecture
2.4.2 MBMS Service Deployment
2.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol
2.6 Network Discovery and Selection
2.7 Radio Resource Management
2.7.1 Radio Bearer Control (RBC)
2.7.2 Connection Mobility Control (CMC)
2.7.3 Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) -- Packet Scheduling (PS)
2.7.4 Inter-cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)
2.7.5 Load Balancing (LB)
2.7.6 Inter-RAT Radio Resource Management
2.7.7 Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority
2.8 Authentication and Authorization
2.8.1 User Authentication, Key Agreement, and Key Generation
2.8.2 Signaling and User-Plane Security
2.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
3 LTE Radio Layer Design
3.1 Layer 2 Design
3.2 MAC Sublayer
3.2.1 Logical Channels
3.2.2 Transport Channels
3.2.3 Mapping of Transport Channels to Logical Channels
3.2.4 MAC Transport Block Structure
3.2.5 HARQ
3.2.6 Buffer Status Reporting
3.2.7 Random Access Procedure
3.2.8 Scheduling Request
3.3 PDCP Sublayer
3.3.1 Header Compression and Decompression
3.3.2 Ciphering and Deciphering
3.3.3 Integrity Protection and Verification
3.4 RLC Sublayer
3.5 Summary and Conclusion
References
4 LTE Phyiscal Layer
4.1 LTE Fundamental Concepts of PHY Layer
4.1.1 Single-Carrier Modulation and Channel Equalization
4.1.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing
4.1.3 OFDM
4.1.4 Link Adaptation
4.1.5 Generic Radio Frame Structure
4.1.6 Downlink Reference Signals
4.1.7 Uplink Reference Signals
4.1.8 Downlink Control Channel
4.1.9 Uplink Control Channel
4.2 MIMO and LTE
4.3 MIMO and MRC
4.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part II: LTE Key Features
5 Quality of Service
5.1 QoS Mechanisms
5.2 QoS Control at Bearer Level
5.2.1 QoS Parameters
5.2.2 Network Initiation QoS
5.3 QoS Control at Service Data Flow Level
5.3.1 Policy and Charging Control Rule
5.4 Multimedia Session Management
5.4.1 Session Initiation Protocol
5.4.2 Registration and IMS
5.4.3 QoS Provisioning and IMS
5.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
6 Interworking Design for LTE Convergence
6.1 General Design Principles of the Interworking Architecture
6.2 Interworking Scenario
6.3 LTE Interworking with IEEE
6.3.1 Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking Architecture
6.3.2 WLAN and LTE Interworking
6.3.3 Network Discovery and Selection
6.4 LTE Interworking with 3GPP2
6.4.1 E-UTRAN and HRPD
6.5 IEEE 802.21
6.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
7 Mobility
7.1 Mobility Management
7.1.1 Location Management
7.1.2 Handover Management
7.2 Mobile IP
7.2.1 Registering the Care-of Address
7.2.2 Automatic Home Agent discovery
7.2.3 Tunneling to the Care-of Address
7.2.4 Proxy and Gratuitous Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
7.3 Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6
7.3.1 Reverse Tunnels
7.3.2 Use of Route Optimization
7.4 Proxy Mobile IP
7.4.1 Idle Mode Mobility
7.4.2 Active Mode Mobility
7.4.3 Handover Using the S1 Interface
7.4.4 Inter-MME Handover Using the S1 Interface (Without Changing S-GW)
7.5 Inter-RAT Handover: E-UTRAN to UTRAN Iu Mode
7.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
8 LTE and Femtocell
8.1 Behind Femtocell Emergence
8.2 Femtocell Technology
8.3 Femtocell Benefits
8.3.1 User Benefits
8.3.2 Operator Benefits
8.4 LTE Femtocell Design Issues
8.4.1 LTE Femtocell Architecture
8.5 LTE Femtocell Deployment Scenarios
8.5.1 Scenario 1
8.5.2 Scenario 2
8.5.3 Scenario 3
8.6 Femtocell Access Control Strategy
8.6.1 CSG Concept
8.6.2 Physical Cell Identity
8.7 LTE Femtocell Challenges and Technical Issues
8.7.1 Interference
8.7.2 Spectrum Allocation
8.7.3 Access Mode Impact
8.7.4 Security and Privacy Challenges
8.7.5 Synchronization
8.7.6 Mobility
8.8 Summary and Conclusion
References
Part III: LTE Performance
9 Downlink Radio Resource Allocation Strategies in LTE Networks
9.1 An Overview of Resource Allocation Techniques in OFDMA Systems
9.2 System Model
9.3 OFDMA Key Principles -- Analysis and Performance Characterizations
9.3.1 OFDMA Slot Structure in LTE Generic Frame
9.3.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
9.3.3 Multiuser Diversity
9.3.4 Capacity Analysis -- Time and Frequency Domain
9.4 Proposed Radio Resource Allocation Strategies
9.4.1 Problem Formulation
9.4.2 Adaptive Slot Allocation (ASA) Algorithm
9.4.3 Reservation-Based Slot Allocation (RSA) Algorithm
9.5 Performance Evaluation
9.5.1 Simulation Parameters
9.5.2 Simulation Results
9.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Performance Study of Opportunistic Scheduling in LTE Networks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Downlink System Model
10.3 Opportunistic Packet Scheduling Algorithms
10.3.1 Proportional Fairness (PF)
10.3.2 Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First (M-LWDF)
10.3.3 Exponential Proportional Fairness (EXP/PF)
10.4 Simulation Environment
10.5 Traffic Model
10.6 Simulation Results
10.6.1 Packet Loss Ratio
10.6.2 Delay
10.6.3 Throughput
10.6.4 Fairness Index
10.6.5 Cell Spectral Efficiency
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Cross-Layer Multiservice Scheduling for LTE Networks
11.1 Channel-Based Scheduling Solutions
11.1.1 Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (M-LWDF) Algorithm
11.1.2 Exponential (EXP) Algorithm
11.1.3 Delay-Based Utility Optimization Algorithm
11.1.4 Maximum Fairness (MF) Algorithm
11.2 Channel-Aware Class-Based Queue (CACBQ) -- The Proposed Solution
11.2.1 System Model
11.2.2 Channel-Aware Class-Based Queue (CACBQ) Framework
11.3 CACBQ Performance Evaluation
11.3.1 Simulation Environment
11.3.2 Traffic Model
11.3.3 Simulation Results
11.3.4 Fairness and Efficiency
11.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
12 Fractional Frequency Reuse in LTE Networks
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Proposed Design for LTE Network Architecture
12.2.1 Radio Resource Allocation Model
12.2.2 Link Model
12.2.3 Problem Formulation
12.3 Hierarchical Resource Allocation Approach (HRAA)
12.3.1 Resource Allocation at RRC
12.3.2 Resource Allocation at the eNodeB
12.4 Numerical Results
12.4.1 Simulation Environment
12.4.2 Simulation Results
12.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
13 Performance Study of Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Handover Overview
13.3 Mobile WiMAX and LTE Interworking Architecture
13.4 Handover Decision-Based Neyman--Pearson Lemma
13.5 Handover Execution Based on FMIPv6
13.6 Performance Evaluation
13.6.1 Scenario 1
13.6.2 Scenario 2
13.6.3 Scenario 3
13.7 Simulation Results
13.8 Summary and Conclusions
References
14 LTE Femtocell Integration with Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks and RFID Technologies
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Handover Management
14.2 Motivation and Proposal Overview
14.3 Scheme A: RFID-Assisted Network Movement Detection
14.3.1 System Architecture Design
14.3.2 Mechanism
14.4 Scheme B: Deploying RFID and WSAN for Improving Handover at Link and Network Layer
14.4.1 System Architecture Design
14.4.2 Mechanism
14.5 Theoretical Analysis
14.5.1 Time Response
14.6 Performance Analysis
14.6.1 Simulation Setup
14.6.2 Accuracy Analysis
14.6.3 Time Latency
14.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendix A: LTE Operators
Index