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2011-11-24, 06:51 PM
Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis_Rohde & Schwarz
Christoph Rauscher
This book is intended to familiarize the uninitiated reader with the field
of spectrum analysis. To understand complex measuring instruments
it is useful to know the theoretical background of spectrum analysis.
Even for the experienced user of spectrum analyzers it may be helpful
to recall some background information in order to avoid measurement
errors that are likely to be made in practice.
In addition to dealing with the fundamentals, this book provides an
insight into typical applications such as phase noise and channel power
measurements.
Total pages:208
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 7
2 Signals 8
2.1 Signals displayed in time domain 8
2.2 Relationship between time and frequency domain 9
3 Configuration and Control Elements of a Spectrum Analyzer 17
3.1 Fourier analyzer (FFT analyzer) 17
3.2 Analyzers operating in accordance with the heterodyne principle 27
3.3 Main setting parameters 30
4 Practical Realization of an Analyzer Operating on the Heterodyne Principle 32
4.1 RF input section (frontend) 32
4.2 IF signal processing 44
4.3 Determination of video voltage and video filters 55
4.4 Detectors 61
4.5 Trace processing 73
4.6 Parameter dependencies 76
4.6.1 Sweep time, span, resolution and video bandwidths 76
4.6.2 Reference level and RF attenuation 80
4.6.3 Overdriving
5 Performance Features of Spectrum Analyzers 95
5.1 Inherent noise 95
5.2 Nonlinearities 102
5.3 Phase noise (spectral purity) 114
5.4 1 dB compression point and maximum input level 120
5.5 Dynamic range 125
5.6 Immunity to interference 135
5.7 LO feedthrough 138
5.8 Filter characteristics 139
5.9 Frequency accuracy 140
5.10 Level measurement accuracy 141
5.10.1 Uncertainty components 142
5.10.2 Calculation of total measurement uncertainty 148
5.10.3 Measurement error due to low signal-to-noise ratio 156
5.11 Sweep time and update rate 159
6 Frequent Measurements and Enhanced Functionality 162
6.1 Phase noise measurements 162
6.1.1 Measurement procedure 162
6.1.2 Selection of resolution bandwidth 165
6.1.3 Dynamic range 167
6.2 Measurements on pulsed signals 172
6.2.1 Fundamentals 173
6.2.2 Line and envelope spectrum 177
6.2.3 Resolution filters for pulse measurements 182
6.2.4 Analyzer parameters 184
6.2.5 Pulse weighting in spurious signal measurements 185
6.2.5.1 Detectors, time constants 186
6.2.5.2 Measurement bandwidths 190
6.3 Channel and adjacent-channel power measurement 190
6.3.1 Introduction 190
6.3.2 Key parameters for adjacent-channel power measurement 193
6.3.3 Dynamic range in adjacent-channel power measurements 194
6.3.4 Methods for adjacent-channel power measurement using a spectrum analyzer 195
6.3.4.1 Integrated bandwidth method 195
6.3.4.2 Spectral power weighting with modulation filter (IS-136, TETRA, WCDMA) 198
6.3.4.3 Channel power measurement in time domain 200
6.3.4.4 Spectral measurements on TDMA systems 201
References 204
The current spectrum analyzer models from Rohde & Schwarz 207
Block diagram of spectrum analyzer described in this book 220
Measurement Tips
Measurements in 75 W system 33
Measurement on signals with DC component 37
Maximum sensitivity 101
Identification of intermodulation products 112
Improvement of input matching 147
This is very good reference wish it help u all
U r free to add reputation/credits
Best Regards
Christoph Rauscher
This book is intended to familiarize the uninitiated reader with the field
of spectrum analysis. To understand complex measuring instruments
it is useful to know the theoretical background of spectrum analysis.
Even for the experienced user of spectrum analyzers it may be helpful
to recall some background information in order to avoid measurement
errors that are likely to be made in practice.
In addition to dealing with the fundamentals, this book provides an
insight into typical applications such as phase noise and channel power
measurements.
Total pages:208
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 7
2 Signals 8
2.1 Signals displayed in time domain 8
2.2 Relationship between time and frequency domain 9
3 Configuration and Control Elements of a Spectrum Analyzer 17
3.1 Fourier analyzer (FFT analyzer) 17
3.2 Analyzers operating in accordance with the heterodyne principle 27
3.3 Main setting parameters 30
4 Practical Realization of an Analyzer Operating on the Heterodyne Principle 32
4.1 RF input section (frontend) 32
4.2 IF signal processing 44
4.3 Determination of video voltage and video filters 55
4.4 Detectors 61
4.5 Trace processing 73
4.6 Parameter dependencies 76
4.6.1 Sweep time, span, resolution and video bandwidths 76
4.6.2 Reference level and RF attenuation 80
4.6.3 Overdriving
5 Performance Features of Spectrum Analyzers 95
5.1 Inherent noise 95
5.2 Nonlinearities 102
5.3 Phase noise (spectral purity) 114
5.4 1 dB compression point and maximum input level 120
5.5 Dynamic range 125
5.6 Immunity to interference 135
5.7 LO feedthrough 138
5.8 Filter characteristics 139
5.9 Frequency accuracy 140
5.10 Level measurement accuracy 141
5.10.1 Uncertainty components 142
5.10.2 Calculation of total measurement uncertainty 148
5.10.3 Measurement error due to low signal-to-noise ratio 156
5.11 Sweep time and update rate 159
6 Frequent Measurements and Enhanced Functionality 162
6.1 Phase noise measurements 162
6.1.1 Measurement procedure 162
6.1.2 Selection of resolution bandwidth 165
6.1.3 Dynamic range 167
6.2 Measurements on pulsed signals 172
6.2.1 Fundamentals 173
6.2.2 Line and envelope spectrum 177
6.2.3 Resolution filters for pulse measurements 182
6.2.4 Analyzer parameters 184
6.2.5 Pulse weighting in spurious signal measurements 185
6.2.5.1 Detectors, time constants 186
6.2.5.2 Measurement bandwidths 190
6.3 Channel and adjacent-channel power measurement 190
6.3.1 Introduction 190
6.3.2 Key parameters for adjacent-channel power measurement 193
6.3.3 Dynamic range in adjacent-channel power measurements 194
6.3.4 Methods for adjacent-channel power measurement using a spectrum analyzer 195
6.3.4.1 Integrated bandwidth method 195
6.3.4.2 Spectral power weighting with modulation filter (IS-136, TETRA, WCDMA) 198
6.3.4.3 Channel power measurement in time domain 200
6.3.4.4 Spectral measurements on TDMA systems 201
References 204
The current spectrum analyzer models from Rohde & Schwarz 207
Block diagram of spectrum analyzer described in this book 220
Measurement Tips
Measurements in 75 W system 33
Measurement on signals with DC component 37
Maximum sensitivity 101
Identification of intermodulation products 112
Improvement of input matching 147
This is very good reference wish it help u all
U r free to add reputation/credits
Best Regards