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2011-11-03, 09:17 PM
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1 INTRODUCTION 7
2 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 8
3 THEORY 9
4 DEFINITIONS 12
4.1 Polarization 12
4.2 Propagation Patterns 12
4.2.1 Thinking in 3-D 13
4.3 Half-Power Beam-Width - HPBW 13
4.4 Gain 14
4.4.1 Gain References (dBd or dBi) 15
4.5 Front-to-Back Ratio (FB) 16
4.6 Impedance 16
4.7 Return Loss (ROE / VSWR) 17
4.7.1 Connection Effects on the Return Loss 18
4.8 Downtilt 19
4.8.1 Calculating Downtilt for an Omni Antenna 21 4.8.2 Comparison of Mechanical and Electrical Downtilt 22
4.9 Mechanical Details 23
4.10 Intermodulation 24 4
5 THE RADIO BASE STATION 26
6 BASE STATION ANTENNAS 29
6.1 Comparison of Groundplane and Dipoles 29 6.2 The Influence of Reflections on Radiation Patterns 30
6.2.1 Omni Antenna 30
6.2.2 Directional Antennas with Pannel Reflector 33
6.2.3 Additional Effects with X-Pol Antennas 40
6.2.4 Conclusion 40
6.2.5 Calculating the HPBW 41
6.3 Broadside Arrays 42
7 PARTICULAR TECHNIQUES USED IN CELLULAR SYSTEM 45
7.1 Diversity 45
7.2 Space Diversity 46
7.3 Omni Base Station 47
7.4 Sectored Base Station 48
7.5 Polarization Diversity 49
7.6 Horizontal and Vertical Polarization 49
7.7 Antennas with Dual Polarization 49
7.8 Kathrein´s Dipole Based X-Pol Antenna Design 54
7.8.1 General Descriptions 54
7.8.2 Outstanding Characteristics 54
7.8.3 Typical Measurements 58
7.8.4 CPR x Azimuth 61
8 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 62
8.1 Indoor Coverage System 62
8.2 Splitters 63
8.3 Duplexers 64
1 INTRODUCTION 7
2 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 8
3 THEORY 9
4 DEFINITIONS 12
4.1 Polarization 12
4.2 Propagation Patterns 12
4.2.1 Thinking in 3-D 13
4.3 Half-Power Beam-Width - HPBW 13
4.4 Gain 14
4.4.1 Gain References (dBd or dBi) 15
4.5 Front-to-Back Ratio (FB) 16
4.6 Impedance 16
4.7 Return Loss (ROE / VSWR) 17
4.7.1 Connection Effects on the Return Loss 18
4.8 Downtilt 19
4.8.1 Calculating Downtilt for an Omni Antenna 21 4.8.2 Comparison of Mechanical and Electrical Downtilt 22
4.9 Mechanical Details 23
4.10 Intermodulation 24 4
5 THE RADIO BASE STATION 26
6 BASE STATION ANTENNAS 29
6.1 Comparison of Groundplane and Dipoles 29 6.2 The Influence of Reflections on Radiation Patterns 30
6.2.1 Omni Antenna 30
6.2.2 Directional Antennas with Pannel Reflector 33
6.2.3 Additional Effects with X-Pol Antennas 40
6.2.4 Conclusion 40
6.2.5 Calculating the HPBW 41
6.3 Broadside Arrays 42
7 PARTICULAR TECHNIQUES USED IN CELLULAR SYSTEM 45
7.1 Diversity 45
7.2 Space Diversity 46
7.3 Omni Base Station 47
7.4 Sectored Base Station 48
7.5 Polarization Diversity 49
7.6 Horizontal and Vertical Polarization 49
7.7 Antennas with Dual Polarization 49
7.8 Kathrein´s Dipole Based X-Pol Antenna Design 54
7.8.1 General Descriptions 54
7.8.2 Outstanding Characteristics 54
7.8.3 Typical Measurements 58
7.8.4 CPR x Azimuth 61
8 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 62
8.1 Indoor Coverage System 62
8.2 Splitters 63
8.3 Duplexers 64