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rval25
2010-08-06, 05:21 AM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks

kamy
2010-08-06, 05:35 AM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks

how can I find the attachd links, please?

ayman.absi
2010-08-06, 06:19 AM
Where is it? Where is the attachment or link?

coursekec
2010-08-06, 12:00 PM
Where's the attachment mate ?

bssmsm
2010-08-06, 12:45 PM
Hey men, you forget to atach the file, reply with the url....thanks. this document is important for me.

striker
2010-08-06, 01:15 PM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks


hi rval25,

where is the attachment...we can't give rep if no attachment..

rval25
2010-08-08, 12:38 AM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks


SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

gillete98
2010-08-08, 01:02 AM
Please PM the password

moslyi0891
2010-08-08, 03:05 AM
HiWould you upload it to 4shared ..I do not have credits

moslyi0891
2010-08-08, 06:13 AM
Hi Rval128 :

Those Questions are for Huawei ..NSN or Ericcsson ..Would specify a little bit

khassan81
2010-08-08, 07:20 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

Hi I added u rep plz send PW khalid_mhh@hotmail.com

uel888
2010-08-08, 09:26 AM
How about LTE interview questions ? :-)

edinburgh
2010-08-08, 03:39 PM
How about LTE interview questions ? :-)

If I were Interviewer, the followings are questions:

1. What is LTE?

2. What's the difference between 3G & LTE?

3. What's the benefit of LTE?

4. What's technology applied in LTE? (both in UL and DL)

5. What's the max. throughput we can achieve from LTE?

6. In the market, which type/categ. of UE are available now?

7. Do you have any experience in LTE dimensioning/planning and drivetesting?

If so, please kindly answer the following questions?

1. what is main frequency band for LTE?

2. In coverage planning, what are the most influence factors?

3. In 3G, RSCP and Ec/Io are used to determined in coverage planning. How's about in LTE? And why?

4. What are the range of SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, MCS and CQI values?

5. What is the typical cell range of LTE?

6. How do you understand RB and how does RB impact on Throughput?

7. What is the typical value of latency?

6. What are the type of HO? If so, pls. explain me a bit of best cell HO and coverage HO?

7. For HO, pls. explain me the difference between HO via X2 and S1?

8. Do we still need Scraming code planning in LTE? If not, why?

9. Please explain me about eNodeB, MME and core network layout.

10. For capacity planning, do we still need Channel element (CE) dimensioning? If not, why?

11. Have you experience in Atoll and Momentun?

12. Have you expereince in XCAL and Agilent NiXT?

13. Please explain me about QoS and Scheduling in LTE?

14. Pls. explain me about MIMO, SIMO and TxDiV configuration?

15. How's about those configuration and expected throughput?

If you can answer above questions, you will be in short list.
:p :D :p

striker
2010-08-08, 03:59 PM
If I were Interviewer, the followings are questions:

1. What is LTE?

2. What's the difference between 3G & LTE?

3. What's the benefit of LTE?

4. What's technology applied in LTE? (both in UL and DL)

5. What's the max. throughput we can achieve from LTE?

6. In the market, which type/categ. of UE are available now?

7. Do you have any experience in LTE dimensioning/planning and drivetesting?

If so, please kindly answer the following questions?

1. what is main frequency band for LTE?

2. In coverage planning, what are the most influence factors?

3. In 3G, RSCP and Ec/Io are used to determined in coverage planning. How's about in LTE? And why?

4. What are the range of SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, MCS and CQI values?

5. What is the typical cell range of LTE?

6. How do you understand RB and how does RB impact on Throughput?

7. What is the typical value of latency?

6. What are the type of HO? If so, pls. explain me a bit of best cell HO and coverage HO?

7. For HO, pls. explain me the difference between HO via X2 and S1?

8. Do we still need Scraming code planning in LTE? If not, why?

9. Please explain me about eNodeB, MME and core network layout.

10. For capacity planning, do we still need Channel element (CE) dimensioning? If not, why?

11. Have you experience in Atoll and Momentun?

12. Have you expereince in XCAL and Agilent NiXT?

13. Please explain me about QoS and Scheduling in LTE?

14. Pls. explain me about MIMO, SIMO and TxDiV configuration?

15. How's about those configuration and expected throughput?

If you can answer above questions, you will be in short list.
:p :D :p


Hi Edinburgh,

do you have the answer for this..thanks...

uel888
2010-08-08, 04:12 PM
hahaha good job Bro Edin ;-)

kentck86
2010-08-08, 07:49 PM
hi...password please...

edinburgh
2010-08-08, 07:54 PM
Hi Edinburgh,

do you have the answer for this..thanks...

As I said If I were interviewer, definitely I have answer.

But I hope you are now waiting answers from me.:D :p

For those who will sit for LTE interview, try to find out the answers.

All the answers, you can get it from this and only forum.

natty9111
2010-08-09, 01:56 AM
Thanks...................

moslyi0891
2010-08-09, 03:39 AM
Hello :

Can anyone forward this attachment to my email please

moslyi0891@gmail.com

trainee10
2010-08-09, 06:01 AM
Hi rval25,

I have add reputation and thanks to you , i really in need of this interview questions. i can acess to this rapishare as i dont have credits.

please provide this doc to my email at krasub2@yahoo.com.

awaiting your reply and doc in my email.

thanks again

bssmsm
2010-08-09, 06:03 AM
hey rval, send the pass please....

striker
2010-08-09, 01:29 PM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks

hi please send the pass...

EngSoft
2010-08-09, 07:33 PM
it seam you dont want to give us the password !!!

we all give you reputation and thanks and no one got the password ? so will you send it or shall we ask the admin to deal with you ???
:L:L:L:L

moslyi0891
2010-08-10, 07:23 AM
Thanx a lot ... ...... al the best to you Rav

des118
2010-08-10, 10:50 AM
can you share to mediafire?

mailvtt
2010-08-10, 10:53 AM
Hi, can you share at mediafire or send email: mailvtt@gmail.com?

THank you very much.

rval25
2010-08-12, 02:29 AM
Hello everybody who needs something else please send me

a private message,


Ive been busy in this days but Ill be responding any of your comments

Thanks a lot!

asifhaider919
2010-08-12, 08:04 PM
Great Share!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

konai
2010-08-12, 09:28 PM
taaaaaaaaaaaanks

atul22
2010-08-12, 11:08 PM
i had given thanks and reputaion both but still i didn't get the password...

thanks

atul


Hello everybody who needs something else please send me

a private message,


Ive been busy in this days but Ill be responding any of your comments

Thanks a lot!

khassan81
2010-08-13, 01:27 AM
Hi friend
Where is the Password !!!! I added rep 3 or 4 days ago !

radiorf
2010-08-13, 04:09 AM
The number of user example has a wrong calculation. Unless the formula is wrong. Can you clarify?

smdlyu
2010-08-13, 05:41 AM
I am interested in the document. But I couldn't find the attachment. The thread was closed?

pathloss
2010-08-13, 05:48 AM
Hello, and welcome to the forum.
Unfortunatly you have to get Member by geting Reputation... then you will be able to download those questions. I would send you, but as you can see I'm also a Junior Member.

So if you ask nicely, someother will be as nice to sent it to you.
regards


I am interested in the document. But I couldn't find the attachment. The thread was closed?

atul22
2010-08-14, 04:24 PM
Hi All,

if some body have the password kindly shared on forum...

thanks
atul

saurabh
2010-08-14, 05:36 PM
plz send it to me on my email id ( saurabhg06@gmail.com).

thanks


Hello :

Can anyone forward this attachment to my email please

moslyi0891@gmail.com

atul22
2010-08-16, 02:39 AM
still we r waiting for password.its totally injustify..
eventhough we had given reputation and thanks..

thnaks

khassan81
2010-08-16, 10:00 AM
I think that somebody should send the PW on the forum :mad:

atul22
2010-08-16, 10:44 PM
HI

whr is it???



I think that somebody should send the PW on the forum :mad:

EngSoft
2010-08-16, 11:12 PM
password is : shareforever

thanks for the guy who share it ,,, but i think it time to spread the password!

rval25
2010-08-17, 08:39 AM
I think that somebody should send the PW on the forum :mad:


Sorry man Ive been traveling , and little time to connect,

the pass was already posted here so If anyone has another question

or request please send me a private message

Im trying to prepare the classic LTE questions ... if you guys are interested

please let me know and I will dedicate more time

thank you all of you

saurabh
2010-08-17, 07:35 PM
plz send it on my Email id (saurabhg06@gmail.com) because i have no permission to access this page.

thanks
Saurabh



Sorry man Ive been traveling , and little time to connect,

the pass was already posted here so If anyone has another question

or request please send me a private message

Im trying to prepare the classic LTE questions ... if you guys are interested

please let me know and I will dedicate more time

thank you all of you

nupong
2010-08-18, 12:12 PM
Why I couldn't see any attachment:confused:

freecell
2010-08-18, 11:54 PM
Can you kindly email it to umeshkavety@gmail.com...I don't have credits :(

madatrf
2010-08-25, 03:37 PM
please send it to my email: instrudude1@gmail.com

I don't have enough credits...:o:(

trainee10
2010-08-26, 03:46 AM
any body have answers to those all questions asked?????:D

zhk_sub
2010-09-25, 03:36 AM
Thank you so much...:)

zhk_sub
2010-09-25, 03:39 AM
could you pls send me : zhang.ke@gmail.com :)

timedomain
2010-09-25, 05:01 PM
who knows the pass please share??

rajeshparke
2010-09-25, 05:07 PM
please send the question and answers for UMTS questions.
Thanks

saurabh
2010-09-26, 12:01 AM
kindly send it urgently...



plz send it on my Email id (saurabhg06@gmail.com) because i have no permission to access this page.

thanks
Saurabh

jawadsa
2010-09-26, 03:23 AM
plz send this to me at jawadsaleem2@gmail.com as i dont have credits,thanks in advance.

vasili_koslov
2010-10-05, 03:56 PM
hi sir.

I hope absolutely good work.But ı dont have credit please send me message to my mail.

clerk_maxwell@hotmail.com

saurabh
2010-10-05, 08:41 PM
Plz send urgently.......


kindly send it urgently...

sekit
2010-10-05, 10:59 PM
Please, password!!!

abrastog
2010-10-08, 04:01 AM
plz frwd me on abhi.0588@gmail.com as I am unable 2 access... :-)

hong lim
2010-10-13, 04:13 PM
thanks mate what is password?..:D

hong lim
2010-10-13, 04:26 PM
very nice document,, it helps a lot..thank.. thanks.. thanks..:D:D:D:D

rajibratan
2010-10-14, 08:25 AM
can u pls send me on rajibratan001@gmail.com .it's urgent....

quaderbtech06
2010-10-22, 04:53 AM
Please mail me the Umts Questions & Answers.... quaderbtech06@sify.com

adnan2911
2010-10-27, 05:35 PM
Hey please email me .. abasir@cc.hut.fi

Yenthanh
2010-10-27, 05:45 PM
Hi,

Can you kindly send to my mail please:
yen.thanh77@yahoo.com

Thanks so much!

regards,

mohsin.shaikh
2010-10-31, 05:55 PM
this is good but can u send me on my mail plzz dude:L:L:L
mohsin786.shaikh@gmail.com :(:(:(:(:(

jorrgivarius
2010-11-16, 03:10 PM
Please send me ing.jorge.orozco@gmail.com :L

Thanks a lot.

PDTA.- I'm a new user and I don't know how I can get Reputation and Credits

leelio
2010-11-16, 07:49 PM
can i have a password please

duongha86
2010-11-17, 06:50 PM
Tks for posting,

This is really a good document for me...

But I can not down load attachment :L

Any body can kindly share me , my email id : duongha86vn@gmail.com

Tks and Regads,

duongha86

nickimikedi7
2010-11-18, 07:41 AM
thnkx really it will be good for us

s_mugutkar
2010-11-18, 02:58 PM
hi
its nice document can you mail me my mail id :rfengmugutkar@gmail.com

Alex_R
2010-11-18, 08:25 PM
Hi there

where is the password ?

appreciate your reply with the password

nickimikedi7
2010-11-19, 04:24 AM
i dont understand why you dont share it for everybody,, there are tooo many people want to learn something but when we want to download there is no permission to see , and too many people want it to their mail, if you want to make a favour upload it to rapid or 4shared, whyis that all for ?

haq_enam
2010-11-19, 04:31 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED


Good job..thanks

rishi
2010-11-21, 06:44 PM
Hi

i am new user and unable to download or access the link. am getting following error message:

you do not have permission to access this page. This could be due to one of several reasons:

1. Your user account may not have sufficient privileges to access this page. Are you trying to edit someone else's post, access administrative features or some other privileged system?
2. If you are trying to post, the administrator may have disabled your account, or it may be awaiting activation.

plz help me to get out of this because i need many document which i cant download just because of this problem

luganomu
2010-11-21, 06:50 PM
You have this document Rigger. i have sent to some one and he also send in this forum

ahmedtaha
2010-11-21, 08:21 PM
please i need it

asdftaha@yahoo.com

duongha86
2010-11-22, 11:38 AM
You have this document Rigger. i have sent to some one and he also send in this forum

Hi bro, please send me,

Tks :p

rishi
2010-11-23, 01:44 AM
hi

can anyone give the password for this document plzzzzzzzzzz.......

luganomu
2010-11-23, 04:36 AM
find this has no pasword:p

rishi
2010-11-23, 04:42 AM
thanks for ur reply but u know i cant download dat link can u plz sent it to my mail if possible at rishi.davda@yahoo.com

i would be very thankful to you

rishi
2010-11-23, 05:12 AM
thank you for ur reply and te attachment u attached for me..

but you know i am unable to download that attachment so if u dont mind can u

plz sent a link in 4 shared or sent me to my mail at rishi.davda@yahoo.com

i would be rally grateful and thankful to you......

qaqa
2010-11-23, 09:41 PM
An Other set of UMTS of Q&A from *********** - *********** (http://www.***********.com)

1. What is Significance of Eb/No? On what factors it is dependent? who provides Eb/No? What is typical Eb/No for AMR 12.2 for Node B and MS?
Answer - Eb_No is related to QOS of a service which in terms related to bit error rate. Technically it is the minimum signal to noise needed by infrastructure equipment after despreading it signal. This is a value used to compare different infrastructure vendors. Eb_No changes with the service type. Typically Eb_No for AMR 12.2 is ~ 4 db for node B and 8 dB for MS. It is infrastructure vendor (NSN) provides the Eb_No for Node B.

The Eb/N0 value is the value that needs to be reached for insuring the targeted service quality. This is the ratio between the energy per bit for the related service over the noise spectral efficiency over the whole spreading band.

The spread signal is characterized by the ratio of the energy per chip over the spectral noise density Ec/N0.


2. What effect is there on signal by spreading and dispreading?
Answer - Spreading will increase the bandwidth of a as signal. A signal of 10 Kb/s will become 40 Kb/s after spreading and will become 10 Kb/s after despreading.
The processing gain term expresses the gain achieved by spreading a narrow band signal over a wideband spectrum.
This gain is the ratio between the spreading chip rate and the actual service bit rate measured at the RLC level

3. Define Processing Gain.
Answer - Processing Gain is ratio between rate of spreaded signal and rate of non spreaded signal.
PG= 10 log (Chip rate /Bit rate)

4. What is a chip rate of WCDMA System? How much is the bandwidth required for WCDMA?
Answer: - 3840 Kc/s. FDD 5 MHZ of paired band. TDD 5 MHz only.

5. What is the processing gain for 384 Kb/s service?
Answer:- =10*Log(3840/384)
=10*log (10)
=10*1
=10

6. What is the relationship of SF and data rate?
Answer; - They are inversely proportional. Lower the SF higher the data rate.

7. What is the relationship between SF and power required?
Answer - The lower the SF, the more power required.

8. What is the relationship with SF and coverage area of different services?
Answer: - They are directly proportional. Lower SF will have less coverage area.
For example Coverage area decreases with increased throughput. If we compare 12.2 Kb/s and 384 Kb/s coverage area.12.2 kb/s coverage area will be bigger then 384 Kb/s coverage area.


9. What is the family of codes used for Chanelization in WCDMA
Answer: - Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor.(OVSF)

10. What is the minimum and maximum SF in Downlink and uplink for FDD Mode?
Answer; - Minimum of 4 and maximum of 512 chips in downlink
Minimum of 4 and maximum of 256 chips in uplink

11. What is the usage of Channelization code in downlink and uplink?

Answer;- Uplink separation of physical data (DPDCH) and control channel (DPCCH) from same terminal.
Downlink separation of downlink connections to different users within one cell.

12. What is the Chanelization code used for PCPICH (PILOT CHANNEL)?
Answer: - C ch(256,0)

13. What is a typical CPICH power?
Answer - CPICH power typically takes about 8~10% of the total NodeB power. For a 20W (43dBm) NodeB, CPICH is around 2W (35.1 ~ 33dBm).
In urban areas where in-building coverage is taken care of by in-building installations, the CPICH may sometimes go as low as 5% because:
1) The coverage area is small since users are close to the site, and
2) More power can be allocated to traffic channels.



14. How much power usually a NodeB is allocated to control channels?
Answer - The power allocated to control channels may depend on equipment vendor recommendation. Typically no more than 20% of the total NodeB power is allocated to control channels, including CPICH. However, if HSDPA is deployed on the same carrier then the total power allocated to control channel may go up to 25 to 30% because of the additional HSDPA control channels required.

15. What is the usage of scrambling code in WCDMA for both downlink and uplink?
Answer; - There is only one frequency in Downlink. SC is used to separate cells. In uplink it is used to differentiate terminals.

16. How many numbers of SC codes available in Downlink and Uplink?
Answer; - Downlink 512, Uplink several millions.

17. What is the Modulation scheme is used in UMTS for voice service in Downlink and uplink?
Answer; - QPSK in downlink and HPSK (Hybrid Phase shift keying) in uplink.

18. How many slots are there in a WCDMA Frame? How big is a frame in ms. how many chips are there in a slot?
Answer: - WCDMA Frame is 15 slots wide. It is 10ms in length. There are 2560 chips in one slot.

Chip rate is 3840 Kc/s
Length of frame = 10 ms
Number of chips in a frame = 3840 *10=38400 chips
Number of chips in a slot = 38400/15= 2560 chips.





19. Give a simple definition of pole capacity?
Answer - The pole capacity is the theoretical maximum capacity of the system. In WCDMA, this capacity is only theoretical since, once reached, the system goes in an instable state that leads to its collapse. However it is still a reference for expressing the load.
The uplink noise increases with the loading exponentially. When the uplink noise approaches infinity then no more users can be added to a cell – and the cell loading is close to 100% and has reached its “pole capacity”.
Mathematically, to calculate the uplink pole capacity we need to know:
W: chip rate (for UMTS 3,840,000 chips per second)
R: user data rate (assuming 12,200 kbps for CS-12.2k)
f: other-cell to in-cell interference ratio (assuming 65%)
EbNo: Eb/No requirement (assuming 5dB)
AF: Activity factor (assuming 50%)

Pole Capacity = (W/R) / ((1+f) * AF * 10^(EbNo/10)) = 120.6
To calculate the downlink pole capacity we also need to know:
α: downlink channels orthogonality factor (assuming 55%)
Pole Capacity = (W/R) / ((1- α +f) * 10^(EbNo/10)) = 64.06

20. What is typical pole capacity for CS-12.2, PS-64, PS-128 and PS-384?
Answer - With same assumptions as above:

CS-12.2k: 120.6 (UL), 64.1 (DL).
PS-64k: 34.8 (UL), 12.8(DL).
PS-128k: 16.2 (UL), 8.4 (DL).
PS-384k: 16.2 (UL), 2.8 (DL).

PS-384k has only 128k on the uplink, therefore the uplink capacity is the same for both.

21. Different Idle mode tasks UE performs
Answer -In Idle mode, the UE has no connection to the radio network
Keeping UEs in Idle mode minimizes the use of resources both for the UEs and in the network. However, the UEs must still be able to access the system and be reached by the system with acceptable delays. For this, the following procedures need to be performed:
§ PLMN selection and reselection
§ Cell selection and reselection
§ Location Area (LA) and Routing Area (RA) updating
§ Paging
§ System information broadcast

22. What is cell selection criterion?
Answer - Cell selection is based on:



•Qmean: the average SIR of the target cell.
•Qmin: minimum required SIR.
•Pcompensation: a correction value for difference UE classes.
S = Qmean - Qmin - Pcompensation



•If S>0 then the cell is a valid candidate.
•A UE will camp on the cell with the highest S.

23. Idle Mode Behaviour is managed by System information send on which L3 Channel?
Answer – BCH

24. How many Radio Bearers (RB) are involved in CS voice call?
Answer – 3

25. How many Service Radio Bearers (SRB) are involved in CS voice call?
Answer – 4

26. SCH channel consists of how many chips?
Answer -256 chips

27. What do you understand by DRX cycle?
Answer - The UE listens to the PICH only at certain predefined times, reducing power consumption. The periodicity of these searches is set by the system and the time interval is called Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle.

Different DRX cycles are used for circuit switched and packet switched services in Idle mode. A separate DRX cycle is also used to page Connected mode UEs in state URA_PCH.

28. Cell Reselection is valid in both Idle and in which Sate in Connected mode?
Answer - CELL FACH
29. Difference between PICH and PCH?
Answer - PICH-Paging Indicator Channel
PCH-Paging Channel

PICH is used to indicate UE to when it should read to S-CCPCH (Carries PCH) whereas PCH is used to carry RRC Message “Paging type 1” which contains actual Paging information.

30. When is System information sent to UE?
Answer - The system information is regularly broadcast to the UE on the BCCH. When a parameter in the system information is changed, all UE in a cell are notified by a paging message or by a system information change indication message.

31. Explain Timer T3212?
Answer -Periodic LA and RA updating is used to notify the network of the UEs availability, and to avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that has lost coverage and is not able to inform the CN that it is inactive.
The periodic LA update procedure is controlled by a timer, called t3212, which gives the time interval between two consecutive periodic location updates. The value is sent by the WCDMA RAN to UEs on the BCCH.

32. Explain Near far effect?
Answer;-All users use the same bandwidth at the same time and therefore users interfere with one another. Due to the propagation path loss, the signal received by the base station from a UE close to the base station will be stronger than the Signal received from another terminal located at the boundary. Hence, the distant user will be dominated by the close user. This is called the near-far effect. To achieve a considerable capacity, all signals, irrespective of distance, should arrive at the base station with the same mean power. A solution to this problem is power control, which attempts to achieve the same mean received power for each user.

33. Name three loops in Power control In WCDMA? Explain them briefly.
Answer; - Open Loop
Inner Loop
Outer Loop

Open Loop Power control
The open-loop power control technique requires that the transmitting entity measures the channel interference and adjusts its transmission power accordingly. This can be done quickly, but the problem is that the interference estimation is done on the received signal, and the transmitted signal probably uses a different frequency, which differs from the received frequency by the system’s duplex offset. As uplink and downlink fast fading (on different frequency carriers) do not correlate, this method gives the right power values only on average.

Inner Loop
In this method the received signal-to interference ratio (SIR) is measured over a 667-microsecond period (i.e., one time slot), and based on that value, a decision is made about whether to increase or decrease the transmission power in the other end of the connection. Note that the delay inherent in this closed-loop method is compensated for by making the measurements over a very short period of time. The transmit power control (TPC) bits are sent in every time slot within the uplink and the downlink. There is not a neutral signal; all power control signals contain either an increase or decrease command.

Outer Loop
The outer loop power control functions within the base station system, and adjusts the required SIR value (SIRtarget), which is then used in the inner loop control. Different channel types, which can be characterized by, for example, different coding and interleaving methods, constitute a channel’s parameters. Different channel parameters may require different SIRtarget values. The final result of the transmission process can only be known after the decoding process, and the resulting quality parameter is then used to adjust the required SIR value. If the used SIR value still gives a low quality bit stream, then the outer loop power control must increase the SIRtarget value. This change in the outer loop will trigger the inner loop power control to increase the mobile station transmission power accordingly

34. What is SIR?
Answer - SIR is the Signal-to-Interference Ratio – the ratio of the energy in dedicated physical control channel bits to the power density of interference and noise after dispreading.

35. How many time Inner Loop Power Control happens and what type of fading it compensates?
Answer - 1500Hz and compensates Fast Fading.

36. What is BLER?
Answer - Block Error Rate

37. How is Initial RACH Power is calculated?
Answer - The initial power on the PRACH - the power of the first preamble - is determined according to equation
P_PRACH = L_PCPICH + RTWP + constantValueCprach
Where L_PCPICH is the path loss estimated by UE since it knows transmit & receive CPICH power
RTWP is received Total Wideband Power(uplink interference) measured by RBS .
constantValueCprach is used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH . This parameter is configurable and decides at which level below RTWP preamble ramping will start.
38. What power RACH message Control Part is sent?
Answer - The power of the control part of the RACH message is determined by the power of the last transmitted preamble and by a configurable offset powerOffsetPpm

39. Briefly describe why open loop power control is needed and how it works?
Answer -Open Loop power control is used when no feedback mechanism is possible. An estimate of the required power is made from measurements and system information.
This is used for initial network access and finding initial power settings during dedicated mode.

40. Explain the functionality of TPC?
Answer – During Power Control, Transmit Power control(TPC) commands are used to power up or power down based on SIR target in the step of 0.5 dB ( 1 dB if the connection is made over Iur).

41. How many types of handovers are there in UMTS?
Answer –
Soft/Softer Handover
Inter Frequency Handover
Inter RAT Handover
Core Network Hard Handover
Service based handover to GSM
HSDPA Mobility


42. Explain Soft and Softer handover? Give some advantage and disadvantage for soft handover. What is the target for soft handover in WCDMA networks?
Answer - In Soft Handover, the UE connection consists of at least two radio links established with cells belonging to different RBSs. In Softer handover, the UE connection consists of at least two radio links established with cells belonging to the same RBS.
It acts as macro diversity since UE is connected to more than one radio link at any given point, adds redundancy and reduces interference.

However there is a tradeoff between soft/softer handover & system capacity.
A UE involved in Soft/Softer Handover uses several radio links, more DL channelization codes, and more DL power than a single-link connection. Consequently, if all the UEs connected to a particular RNC are considered, more resources are needed in the RBSs, more resources over the Iub and Iur interfaces, and more resources in the RNC. For this reason, the number of radio links involved in the Soft/Softer handover must be limited

A typical target for soft handover in WCDMA network is less than or equal to 30%

43. Define Active Set? Pros and Cons of having a small or longer Active Set.
Answer - Active Set consists of group of cells that takes part in soft/softer handover & measure by UE.
Typical size of Active set is 3 or 4 & generally a standard practice in all WCDMA networks.

A small active set size may provide more resources available due to less soft/softer handover but at the expense of handover gain thereby reducing the capacity & link redundancy

44. Which link is required to perform Inter RNC SHO?
Answer -Iur

45. What is “noise rise”? What does a higher noise rise mean in terms of network loading?
Answer - For every new user added to the service, additional noise is added to the network. That is, each new user causes a “noise rise”. In theory, the “noise rise” is defined as the ratio of total received wideband power to the noise power. Higher “noise rise” value implies more users are allowed on the network, and each user has to transmit higher power to overcome the higher noise level. This means smaller path loss can be tolerated and the cell radius is reduced. To summarize, a higher noise rise means higher capacity and smaller footprint, a lower noise rise means smaller capacity and bigger footprint.

46. What is Pilot Pollution?
Answer - Simply speaking, when the number of strong cells exceeds the active set size, there is “pilot pollution” in the area. Typically the active set size is 3, so if there are more than 3 strong cells then there is pilot pollution.
Definition of “strong cell”: pilots within the handover window size from the strongest cell. Typical handover window size is between 4 to 6dB. For example, if there are more than 2 cells (besides the strongest cell) within 4dB of the strongest cell then there is pilot pollution.

47. How many fingers does a UE rake receiver have?
Answer – 4

48. What is “compressed mode”?
Answer - Compressed mode is a physical layer function that allows the UE to temporarily tune to another frequency, and measure the RF environment of another UMTS frequency (e.g. IFHO) or another technology (e.g. IRAT), while maintaining an existing dedicated channel


49. When in 3-way soft handover, if a UE receives power down request from one cell and power up request from the other 2 cells, should the UE power up or down and why?
Answer - UE will power down because if a cell is able to sustain a good connection with one cell on lower power level it will discard power up messages from other cells. It also helps in maintaining low interference level for other surrounding UE’s.

50. Suppose two UE are served by the same cell, the UE with weaker link (poor RF condition) uses more “capacity”, why does this mean?
Answer -The UE with weaker RF link will require NodeB to transmit higher traffic power in order to reach the UE, resulting in less power for other UE – therefore consumes more “capacity

51. Under what circumstances can a NodeB reach its capacity? What are the capacity limitations?
Answer -NodeB reaches its maximum transmit power, runs out of its channel elements, uplink noise rise reaches its design target, etc.


52. What is “cell breathing” and why?
Answer - The cell coverage shrinks as the loading increases, this is called cell breathing.
In the uplink, as more and more UE are served by a cell, each UE needs to transmit higher power to compensate for the uplink noise rise. As a consequence, the UE with weaker link (UE at greater distance) may not have enough power to reach the NodeB – therefore a coverage shrinkage.
In the downlink, the NodeB also needs to transmit higher power as more UE are being served. As a consequence UE with weaker link (greater distance) may not be reachable by the NodeB.


53. If you have 3 cells in your Active Set and a drop call occurs, which Cell a Drop call would be pegged?
Answer - Serving Cell in Active Set

54. Is UMTS an uplink-limited or downlink-limited system?
Answer – Initially, A typical WCDMA network is Uplink Limited. Later a Loaded Network becomes Downlink Limites.


55. What is OCNS?
Answer - Orthogonal Carrier Noise Simulator

56. Briefly describe Capacity Management and its functions?
Answer - Capacity Management is responsible for the control of the load in the cell. It consists of 3 main functions:

1. Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling: tracks utilization of critical resources of the system.
2. Admission Control: accepts/refuses admission requests based on the current load on the dedicated monitored resources and the characteristics of the request
3. Congestion Control: detects/resolves overload situations


57. What Resources are monitored for Capacity Management?
Answer –
DL Power
Received Total Wideband power
OVSF Codes
RBS Channel Elements


58. What Radio Measurements are used for Congestion Monitoring?
Answer –
Downlink Received Power
Uplink Received Total Wideband Power


59. Are System Information Blocks (SIB) transmitted all the time?
Answer - Yes

60. How does UE camp (synchronize) to a NodeB?
Answer –
1. UE uses the primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) for slot alignment (TS synchronization).
2. After aligning to NodeB time slot, UE then uses secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) to obtain frame synchronization and scrambling code group identification.
3. UE then uses scrambling code ID to obtain CPICH, thus camping to a NodeB.


61. What could be the cause of soft handover failure?
Answer –
· Undefined neighbors
· One way Neighbor definition
· UE issue.
· Resource unavailable at target NodeB.
· Inadequate SHO threshold defined.

62. What are the three sets in handover?
Answer –
Active Set
Monitored Set
Detected Set


63. What are the major differences between GSM and UMTS handover decision?
Answer –
GSM:
· Time-based mobile measures of RxLev and RxQual – mobile sends measurement report every SACH period (480ms).
· BSC instructs mobile to handover based on these reports.
UMTS:
· Event-triggered reporting – UE sends a measurement report only on certain event “triggers”.
· UE plays more part in the handover decision.


64. What are the events 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.?
Answer –
e1a – a Primary CPICH enters the reporting range, i.e. add a cell to active set.
e1b – a primary CPICH leaves the reporting range, i.e. removed a cell from active set.
e1c – a non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH, i.e. replace a cell.
e1d: change of best cell.
e1e: a Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold.
e1f: a Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold.


65. What are event 2a-2d and 3a-3d?
Answer –
Events 2a-2d are for inter-frequency handover measurements and events 3a-3d are for IRAT handover measurements.
e3a: the UMTS cell quality has moved below a threshold and a GSM cell quality had moved above a threshold.
e3b: the GSM cell quality has moved below a threshold.
e3c: the GSM cell quality has moved above a threshold.
e3d: there was a change in the order of best GSM cell list.



66. What may happen when there’s a missing neighbor or an incorrect neighbor?
Answer –
· Access failure and handover failure: may attempt to access to a wrong scrambling code.
· Dropped call: UE not aware of a strong scrambling code, strong interference.
· Poor data throughput.
· Poor voice quality.
· Etc.


67. How is inter-frequency Handover triggered?
Answer –
The network decides that inter frequency measurements need to be performed and sends the MEASUREMENT CONTROL MESSAGE with Measurement type set to Inter-Frequency measurements. Generally it will set an Event as well along with the measurements. The following are list of Events that can trigger Measurement Report.
· Event 2a: Change of Best Frequency
· Event 2b: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold
· Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold
· Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold
· Event 2e: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain threshold
· Event 2f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold
The Inter-Frequency Handover Evaluation bases its decision on P-CPICH quality measures on the currently used frequency and on one or more non-used frequencies. If the evaluation result is positive, one cell on a non-used frequency is proposed to Inter-Frequency handover Execution.

Inter-Frequency Handover is a hard handover where the UE is ordered by the network to tune to another frequency. This means that there will be small interruptions in the data flow to and from the UE.


68. What kind of Handover takes place in Load Sharing?
Answer –
It’s a blind handover to the co-located cell. IFHO i.e.

69. What do you understand by IFHO?
Answer –
IFHO – Inter Frequency Handover

70. What do you understand by Directed Retry?
Answer –
When there is a co-existing GSM RAN, excess traffic in a WCDMA cell may be off-loaded to GSM
If a call is chosen for Directed Retry to GSM, the request for the speech RAB will be rejected with cause "Directed retry" and then a request is made to the core network to relocate the UE to a specific GSM cell, using the Inter-RAT handover procedure. This handover is a blind one since the target cell is chosen not based on UE measurements. Therefore, the target cell must be co-located with the WCDMA cell. Co-located GSM cells are assumed to have similar coverage and accessibility as their respective WCDMA cells.
71. What can we try to improve when access failure is high?
Answer –
· When access failure is high we can try the following to improve RACH performance:
· Increase maximum UE transmit power allowed: Max_allowed_UL_TX_Power.
· Increase power quickly: power_Offset_P0.
· Increase number of preambles sent in a given preamble cycle: preamble_Retrans_Max.
· Increase the number of preamble cycles: max_Preamble_Cycle.
· Increase number of RRC Connection Request retries: N300.


72. What is Eb/No requirement for HSDPA?
Answer –
The Eb/No requirement for HSDPA varies with user bit rate (data rate), typically 2 for 768kbps and 5 for 2Mbps.

73. What HS Channels are introduced in HSDPA in L1?
Answer –

HS-PDSCH – High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH – High Speed Shared Control Channel


74. How Power Control is implemented in HSDPA?
Answer -Initial Power is set in the same way as open Loop Power control of DCH & there is no further power control on HSDPA Shared Channel HS-DSCH. The Channel Rate is controlled by adaptive modulation & coding formats.

The principles and functionality of the power control for the HSDPA associated dedicated channels are the same as for the DPCH power control.
HS-DPCCH power is an offset relative to DPCCH depending upon whether the UE is in soft handoff or not.

The Power for HS-SCCH is fixed.


75. What FIXED SF is used for HSDPA?
Answer –
SF 16, maximum of 5 codes.

76. What do you understand by CQI Measurements?
Answer – Channel Quality Estimation (CQI) for HSDPA sessions only.

In order to aid scheduling and TFRC selection in the RBS, the UE sends a channel quality indicator (CQI) report on the uplink.
The CQI report estimates the number of bits that can be transmitted to the UE using a certain assumed HS-PDSCH power with a block error rate of 10%


77. What type of Channel Coding is used for Voice and Data services?
Answer –
Voice – Convolution Coding
Data – Turbo coding

rishi
2010-11-23, 09:44 PM
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2010-11-25, 11:56 AM
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2010-12-16, 10:10 PM
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2010-12-22, 03:41 PM
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2010-12-29, 02:52 AM
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2010-12-29, 06:20 AM
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2010-12-29, 06:22 AM
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2010-12-29, 07:13 AM
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2010-12-31, 07:29 AM
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2010-12-31, 07:08 PM
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2011-01-04, 06:32 PM
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2011-01-04, 07:10 PM
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2011-01-04, 07:11 PM
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General
1. What is the experience and involvement in your current and previous UMTS design projects?
Talk about your current and previous projects, your responsibilities, design objectives, tools used, activities involved, challenges, objectives met, etc.

Link Budget
2. What is a typical NodeB sensitivity level?
The service and load determines the NodeB sensitivity; in general, in a no-load condition, the sensitivity is between -115dBm to -125dBm. For E*******, the NodeB sensitivity level is calculated at around:
CS12.2: -124 dBm
PS-64: -119 dBm
PS-128: -115 dBm
PS-384: -115 dBm
3. What is a typical UE sensitivity level?
The service and load determines the UE sensitivity; in general, in no-load condition, the sensitivity is between -105dBm and -120dBm. For E*******, the UE sensitivity level is calculated at around:
CS12.2: -119 dBm
PS-64: -112 dBm
PS-128: -110 dBm
PS-384: -105 dBm
HSDPA: -95 dBm
4. What is a typical NodeB maximum output power?
The maximum NodeB output power is usually 20W or 40W, that is, 43dBm or 46dBm.
5. What is UE maximum transmit power in your link budget?
21dBm.
6. What is a typical antenna gain?
The antenna gain depends on antenna model; in link budget we use around 17dBi.
7. What is a typical maximum path loss?
The maximum path loss is dependent on the service and vendor recommendations; typically it is in between 135 to 140dB for urban areas and between 150 to 160dB for rural areas.
8. What is difference between dBi and dBd?
dBi is the gain in dB from isotropic source; dBd is the gain from a dipole source.
dBd + 2.15 = dBi.
9. What is the difference between dB and dBm?
dBm is a unit of power level, measured in milli-watts in logarithm scale, that is,
dBm = 10 * log(W*1000) where W is the power in Watts
dB is not a unit, it is the difference in dBm.
10. What is 0dBm?
0dBm = 1 milli-watt.
11. How does TMA work?
A TMA reduces system noise, improves uplink sensitivity and leads to longer UE battery life.
Sensitivity is the minimum input power needed to get a suitable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the receiver. It is determined by receiver noise figure, thermo noise power and required SNR. Thermo noise power is determined by bandwidth and temperature, SNR is determined by modulation technique, therefore the only variable is noise figure.
The cascading noise figure can be calculated by Friis equation (Herald Friis):
NFt = NF1 + (NF2-1)/G1 + (NF3-1)/(G1*G2) + ... + (NFi-1)/(G1*G2*...*Gi)
As the equation shows, the first block imposes the minimum and the most prominent noise figure on the system, and the following blocks imposes less and less impact to the system provided the gains are positive. Linear passive devices have noise figure equal to their loss. A TMA typically has a gain of 12dB.
There are typically top jumper, main feeder and a bottom jumper between antenna and BTS. A TMA placed near antenna with a short jumper from antenna provides the best noise figure improvement – the noise figure will be restricted to the top jumper loss (NF1) and TMA ((NF2-1)/G1), and the remaining blocks (main feeder and bottom jumper) have little effect.
To summarize, a TMA has a gain that’s close to feeder loss.
12. What are the pros and cons (advantages and disadvantages) of TMA?
On the upside, a TMA reduces system noise, improves uplink sensitivity and leads to longer UE battery life. On the downside, TMA imposes an additional insertion loss (typically 0.5dB) on the downlink and increases site installation and maintenance complexity.
13. What is typical TMA gain?
TMA typically has a 12 dB gain; however, the effective gain comes from noise figure reduction and the gain is close or equivalent to the feeder loss.
14. Why TMA are installed at the top near the antenna and not the bottom near the NodeB?
Based on Friis Equation, having a TMA near the BTS will have the top jumper and main feeder losses (noise figures) cascaded in and a TMA will not be able to help suppress the losses.
15. What is UMTS chip rate?
3.84MHz.
16. What is processing gain?
Processing gain is the ratio of chip rate over data bit rate, usually represented in decibel (dB) scale. For example, with 3.84MHz chip rate and 12.2k data rate, the processing gain is:
PG12.2k = 10 * log (3,840,000 / 12,200) = 25dB
17. What are the processing gains for CS and PS services?
CS12.2: 25dB
PS-64: 18dB
PS-128: 15dB
PS-384: 10dB
HSDPA: 2dB
18. How to calculate maximum number of users on a cell?
To calculate the maximum number of users (M) on a cell, we need to know:
W: chip rate (for UMTS 3,840,000 chips per second)
EbNo: Eb/No requirement (assuming 3dB for CS-12.2k)
i: other-cell to in-cell interference ratio (assuming 60%)
R: user data rate (assuming 12,200 kbps for CS-12.2k)
η: loading factor (assuming 50%)
Take 12.2kbps as example:
M = W / (EnNo * (1 + i) * R) * η = 3,840,000 (3 * (1 + 0.6) * 12,200) * 0.5 = 32.8
The number of users could also be hard-limited by OVSF code space. Take CS12.2k for example:
• A CS-12.2k bearer needs 1 SF128 code.
• Total available codes for CS-12.2k = 128 – 2 (1 SF64) – 2 (4 SF256) = 124.
• Consider soft-handover factor of 1.8 and loading factor of 50%: 124 / 1.8 *.05 = 34 uers/cell.
19. What is Eb/No?
By definition Eb/No is energy bit over noise density, i.e. is the ratio of the energy per information bit to the power spectral density (of interference and noise) after dispreading.
Eb/No = Processing Gain + SIR
For example, if Eb/No is 5dB and processing gain is 25dB then the SIR should be -20dB or better.
20. What are the Eb/No targets in your design?
The Eb/No targets are dependent on the service:
• On the uplink, typically CS is 5 to 6dB and PS is 3 to 4dB – PS is about 2dB lower.
• On the downlink, typically CS has 6 to 7dB and PS is 5 to 6dB – PS is about 1dB lower.
21. Why is Eb/No requirement lower for PS than for CS?
PS has a better error correction capability and can utilize retransmission, therefore it can afford to a lower Eb/No. CS is real-time and cannot tolerate delay so it needs a higher Eb/No to maintain a stronger RF link.
22. What is Ec/Io?
Ec/Io is the ratio of the energy per chip in CPICH to the total received power density (including CPICH itself).
23. Sometimes we say Ec/Io and sometimes we say Ec/No, are they different?
Io = own cell interference + surrounding cell interference + noise density
No = surrounding cell interference + noise density
That is, Io is the total received power density including CPICH of its own cell, No is the total received power density excluding CPICH of its own cell. Technically Ec/Io should be the correct measurement but, due to equipment capability, Ec/No is actually measured. In UMTS, Ec/No and Ec/Io are often used interchangeably.
24. What is RSCP?
RSCP stands for Received Signal Code Power – the energy per chip in CPICH averaged over 512 chips.
25. What is SIR?
SIR is the Signal-to-Interference Ratio – the ratio of the energy in dedicated physical control channel bits to the power density of interference and noise after dispreading.
26. What is the loading factor in your design?
The designed loading typically is 50%; however, sometimes a carrier may want to design up to 75% load.
27. Give a simple definition of pole capacity?
The uplink noise increases with the loading exponentially. When the uplink noise approaches infinity then no more users can be added to a cell – and the cell loading is close to 100% and has reached its “pole capacity”.
Mathematically, to calculate the uplink pole capacity we need to know:
W: chip rate (for UMTS 3,840,000 chips per second)
R: user data rate (assuming 12,200 kbps for CS-12.2k)
f: other-cell to in-cell interference ratio (assuming 65%)
EbNo: Eb/No requirement (assuming 5dB)
AF: Activity factor (assuming 50%)
Pole Capacity = (W/R) / ((1+f) * AF * 10^(EbNo/10)) = 120.6
To calculate the downlink pole capacity we also need to know:
α: downlink channels orthogonality factor (assuming 55%)
Pole Capacity = (W/R) / ((1- α +f) * 10^(EbNo/10)) = 64.06
28. What is typical pole capacity for CS-12.2, PS-64, PS-128 and PS-384?
With same assumptions as above:
• CS-12.2k: 120.6 (UL), 64.1 (DL).
• PS-64k: 34.8 (UL), 12.8(DL).
• PS-128k: 16.2 (UL), 8.4 (DL).
• PS-384k: 16.2 (UL), 2.8 (DL).
PS-384k has only 128k on the uplink, therefore the uplink capacity is the same for both.
29. How many types of handovers are there in UMTS?
Soft handover, softer handover, inter-frequency handover, inter-RAT handover, inter-RAT cell change (UE moving out of UMTS coverage into GSM/GPRS/EGDGE coverage).
30. What is soft handover and softer handover?
• Soft handover: when a UE is connected to cells owned by different NodeB.
• Softer handover: when a UE is connected to cells owned by the same NodeB.
31. How does soft/softer handover work?
• Soft/softer handover downlink: UE rake receiver performs maximum ratio combining, i.e. UE combines multi-path signals and form a stronger signal.
• Soft handover uplink: RNC performs selection combining, i.e. RNC selects the better signal coming from multiple NodeB.
• Softer handover uplink: NodeB performs maximum ratio combining, i.e. NodeB rake receiver combines signals from different paths and forms a stronger signal.
32. Why is there “soft handover gain”?
Soft handover gain comes from the following:
• Macro diversity gain over slow fading.
• Micro diversity gain over fast fading.
• Downlink load sharing over multiple RF links. By maintaining multiple links each link could transmit at a lower power, resulting in lower interference therefore a gain.
33. Brief describe the advantages and disadvantages of soft handover?
Advantages:
• Overcome fading through macro diversity.
• Reduced Node B power which in turn decreases interference and increases capacity.
• Reduced UE power (up 4dB), decreasing interference and increasing battery life.
Disadvantages:
• UE using several radio links requires more channelization codes, and more resources on the Iub and Iur interfaces.
34. What are fast fading and slow fading?
Fast fading is also called multi-path fading, as a result of multi-path propagation. When multi-path signals arriving at a UE, the constructive and destructive phases create a variation in signal strength.
Slow fading is also called shadowing. When a UE moves away from a cell the signal strength drops down slowly.
35. What are fast fading margin and slow fading margin?
To factor in the fast fading and slow fading, we need to have a margin in the link budget and they are called fast fading margin and slow fading margin.
In link budget, the fast fading margin is usually set to 2-3; slow fading margin is set to 7-10.
36. What is a typical soft handover gain in your link budget?
• CS-12.2k: 3dB (UL), 2dB (DL).
• PS-64k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
• PS-128k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
• PS-384k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
37. What is the percentage in time a UE is expected to be in soft or softer handover?
Typically a UE should be in soft handover mode at no more than 35 to 40% of the time; in softer handover mode at about 5% of the time.
38. What is a typical EiRP?
The EiRP depends NodeB transmit power, cable and connector loss and antenna gain. With a sample system of 43dBm transmit power, a 3dB cable and connector loss and a 17dBi antenna gain, the EiRP = 43 – 3 + 17 = 57dBm.
39. How much power usually a NodeB is allocated to control channels?
The power allocated to control channels may depend on equipment vendor recommendation. Typically no more than 20% of the total NodeB power is allocated to control channels, including CPICH. However, if HSDPA is deployed on the same carrier then the total power allocated to control channel may go up to 25 to 30% because of the additional HSDPA control channels required.
40. What is a typical CPICH power?
CPICH power typically takes about 10% of the total NodeB power. For a 20W (43dBm) NodeB, CPICH is around 2W (33dBm).
In urban areas where in-building coverage is taken care of by in-building installations, the CPICH may sometimes go as low as 5% because:
• The coverage area is small since users are close to the site, and
• More power can be allocated to traffic channels.
41. How much is your HSDPA (max) link power?
HSDPA link power is typically 4 to 5dB below the maximum NodeB maximum output power. For example, for 43dBm maximum NodeB power the HSDPA link power is 39dBm.
42. Consider downlink only, what are the major components in calculating maximum path loss, starting from NodeB?
• NodeB CPICH transmit power.
• Jumper and feeder connector loss.
• Antenna gain.
• Over-the-air loss.
• Building / vehicle penetration loss.
• Body loss.
• Etc.
43. What is maximum path-loss?
The maximum path-loss is how much signal is allowed to drop from a transmitter to a receiver and maintains as good signal.
44. Simple link budget: with a 30dBm CPICH and a -100dBm UE sensitivity, ignoring anything in between, what is the maximum path loss?
30 – (–100) = 30 + 100 = 130dB.
45. Suppose I have a maximum path-loss of 130dBm, what is the new path-loss if a 5dB body loss is added?
125dB.
46. What is channelization code?
Channelization codes are orthogonal codes used to spread the signal and hence provides channel separation, that is, channelization codes are used to separate channels from a cell.
47. How many channelization codes are available?
The number of channelization codes available is dependent on the length of code. In the uplink the length is defined as between 4 and 256. In the downlink the length is defined as between 4 and 512.
48. Are channelization codes mutually orthogonal? If so, why is “Orthogonality Factor” required in the link budget?
Yes, channelization codes are mutually orthogonal. Nonetheless, due to multi-path with variable time delay, channels from the same cell are no longer perfectly orthogonal and may interfere with each other.
A “Downlink Orthogonality Factor”, typically 50-60%, is therefore needed in the link budget to account for the interference – and hence reduces pole capacity.
49. What is scrambling code? How many scrambling codes there are?
Scrambling codes are used to separate cells and UEs from each other, that is, each cell or UE should have a unique scrambling code. There are 512 scrambling codes on the downlink and millions on the uplink.
50. What is scrambling “code group”?
The 512 scrambling codes are divided into 64 code groups – each code group has 8 scrambling codes.
Code group i (i = 0 to 63) has codes from i*8 to (i+1)*8-1, i.e. (0-7) (8-15)…(504-511).
51. Do you divide scrambling code groups into subgroups? Please give an example.
Yes, we divide the 64 code groups into subgroups:
• Macro layer group: 24 code groups reserved for macro (outdoor) sites.
• Micro layer group: 16 code groups reserved for micro (in-building) sites.
• Expansion group: 24 code groups reserved for future expansion sites.
52. Which service usually needs higher power, CS or PS?
Consider downlink and take CS-12.2 and PS-384k for example. The processing gain is 25 for CS-12.2 and 10 for PS-384. The Eb/No requirement is 7 for CS-12.2 and 5 for PS-384. Therefore the power requirement is higher for CS-12.2 than PS-384.
53. What is Eb/No requirement for HSDPA?
The Eb/No requirement for HSDPA varies with user bit rate (data rate), typically 2 for 768kbps and 5 for 2Mbps.
54. What is “noise rise”? What does a higher noise rise mean in terms of network loading?
For every new user added to the service, additional noise is added to the network. That is, each new user causes a “noise rise”. In theory, the “noise rise” is defined as the ratio of total received wideband power to the noise power. Higher “noise rise” value implies more users are allowed on the network, and each user has to transmit higher power to overcome the higher noise level. This means smaller path loss can be tolerated and the cell radius is reduced. To summarize, a higher noise rise means higher capacity and smaller footprint, a lower noise rise means smaller capacity and bigger footprint.
55. What is “pilot pollution”?
Simply speaking, when the number of strong cells exceeds the active set size, there is “pilot pollution” in the area. Typically the active set size is 3, so if there are more than 3 strong cells then there is pilot pollution.
Definition of “strong cell”: pilots within the handover window size from the strongest cell. Typical handover window size is between 4 to 6dB. For example, if there are more than 2 cells (besides the strongest cell) within 4dB of the strongest cell then there is pilot pollution.
56. What is a typical handover window size in your network?
A handover window size is usually between 4 to 6dB.
57. What is “soft handover” and “softer handover”?
“Soft handover” is when UE has connection to multiple cells on different NodeB.
“Softer handover” is when UE has connection to multiple cells on same NodeB.
In downlink a UE can combine signals from different cells, improving the signal quality. For uplink and soft handover, RNC selects the best signal from different NodeB. For uplink and softer handover, a NodeB combines the signal from different sectors.
58. During a handover, if one cell sends a power down request and two cells send a power up request, shall the UE power up or power down?
Power down. As long as a good link can be maintained it is not necessary to power up in order to maintain multiple links. Maintaining unnecessary multiple links increases noise rise and shall be avoided.
59. Suppose we are designing a CS network and a PS network, is there a major difference in the design consideration?
Server dominance is the key difference. In a CS network we shall limit the number of strong servers in any given area to no more than the active set size to avoid pilot pollution (in the downlink). In a PS network, however, there isn’t soft handover in the downlink so the server dominance is very important – meaning ideally there should be only one dominant server in a given area.
60. What is the active set size on your network?
3.
61. How many fingers does a UE rake receiver have?
4.
62. What is “compressed mode”?
Before UE can perform inter-frequency or IRAT handover, it needs to have some time to lock on to the control channel of the other frequency or system and listen to the broadcast information. Certain idle periods are created in radio frames for this purpose and is called “compressed mode”.
63. Describe the power control schemes in UMTS?
• Open loop – for UE to access the network, i.e. used at call setup or initial access to set UE transmit power.
• Closed outer loop: RNC calculates the SIR target and sends the target to NodeB (every 10ms frame).
• Closed inner loop: NodeB sends the TPC bits to UE to increase or decrease the power at 1,500 times a second.
64. What is the frequency of power control (how fast is power control)?
• Open loop: depends on parameter setting:
T300 – time to wait between RRC retries (100ms to 8000 ms, typical 1500ms)
• Closed outer loop: 100 times a second.
• Closed inner loop: 1,500 times a second.
65. Briefly describe why open loop power control is needed and how it works?
• When a UE needs to access to the network it uses RACH to begin the process.
• RACH is a shared channel on the uplink used by all UE, therefore may encounter contention (collision) during multiple user access attempts and interfere with each other.
• Each UE must estimate the amount of power to use on the access attempt since no feedback from the NodeB exists as it does on the dedicated channel.
• The purpose of open loop power control is to minimize the chance of collision and minimize the initial UE transmit power to reduce interference to other UE.
Initial UE transmit power = Primary_CPICH_Power – CPICH_RSCP + UL_Interferrnce + constant_Value_Cprach
• Instead of sending the whole message, a “test” (preamble) is sent.
• Wait for answer from NodeB.
• If no answer from NodeB increase the power.
• Try and try until succeed or timeout.
66. What is power control “headroom”?
Power control “headroom” is also called “power rise”. In a non-fading channel the UE needs to transmit a certain fixed power. In a fading chennel a UE reacts to power control commands and usually increases the transmit power. The difference between the average power levels of fading and non-fading channels is called “power rise” or “headroom”.
67. When in 3-way soft handover, if a UE receives power down request from one cell and power up request from the other 2 cells, should the UE power up or down and why?
Power down. Maintaining one good link is sufficient to sustain a call and having unnecessary stronger links creates more interference.
68. Suppose two UE are served by the same cell, the UE with weaker link (poor RF condition) uses more “capacity”, why does this mean?
The UE with weaker RF link will require NodeB to transmit higher traffic power in order to reach the UE, resulting in less power for other UE – therefore consumes more “capacity”.
69. Under what circumstances can a NodeB reach its capacity? What are the capacity limitations?
NodeB reaches its maximum transmit power, runs out of its channel elements, uplink noise rise reaches its design target, etc.
70. What is “cell breathing” and why?
The cell coverage shrinks as the loading increases, this is called cell breathing.
In the uplink, as more and more UE are served by a cell, each UE needs to transmit higher power to compensate for the uplink noise rise. As a consequence, the UE with weaker link (UE at greater distance) may not have enough power to reach the NodeB – therefore a coverage shrinkage.
In the downlink, the NodeB also needs to transmit higher power as more UE are being served. As a consequence UE with weaker link (greater distance) may not be reachable by the NodeB.
71. Is UMTS an uplink-limited or downlink-limited system?
A UMTS system could be either uplink-limited or downlink-limited depending on the loading. In a lightly loaded system, the UE transmit power sets a coverage limitation therefore it is uplink-limited. In a heavily loaded system, the NodeB transmit power limits the number of UEs it can serve therefore it is downlink-limited.
72. What is the impact of higher data rate on coverage?
Higher data rate has lower processing gain and therefore a NodeB needs to transmit more power to meet the required Eb/No; this means the coverage is smaller for higher data rate.
73. What is OCNS?
OCNS stands for Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulator. It is a simulated network load usually by increasing the noise rise figure in the NodeB.

UTRAN
74. What are the interfaces between each UTRAN component?
Uu: UE to NodeB
Iub: NodeB to RNC
Iur: RNC to RNC
Iu: RNC to MSC
75. Briefly describe the UE to UTRAN protocol stack (air interface layers).
The radio interface is divided into 3 layers:
1. Physical layer (Layer 1, L1): used to transmit data over the air, responsible for channel coding, interleaving, repetition, modulation, power control, macro-diversity combining.
2. Link layer (L2): is split into 2 sub-layers – Medium Access Control (MAC) and Radio Link Control (RLC).
• MAC: responsible for multiplexing data from multiple applications onto physical channels in preparation for over-the-air transmition.
• RLC: segments the data streams into frames that are small enough to be transmitted over the radio link.
3. Upper layer (L3): vertically partitioned into 2 planes: control plane for signaling and user plan for bearer traffic.
• RRC (Radio Resource Control) is the control plan protocol: controls the radio resources for the access network.
In implementation:
1. UE has all 3 layers.
2. NodeB has Physical Layer.
3. RNC had MAC layer and RRC layer.
76. Briefly describe UMTS air interface channel types and their functions.
There are 3 types of channels across air interface – physical channel, transport channel and logical channel:
1. Physical Channel: carries data between physical layers of UE and NodeB.
2. Transport Channel: carries data between physical layer and MAC layer.
3. Logical Channel: carries data between MAC layer and RRC layer.
77. Give some examples of Physical, Transport and Logical channels.
1. Logical Channel:
• Control channel: BCCH, PCCH, CCCH, DCCH.
• Traffic channel: DTCH, CTCH.
2. Transport Channel:
• Common control channel: BCH, FACH, PCH, RACH, CPCH.
• Dedicated channel: DCH, DSCH.
3. Physical Channel:
• Common control channel: P-CCPCH, S-CCPCH, P-SCH, S-SCH, CPICH, AICH, PICH, PDSCH, PRACH, PCPCH, CD/CA-ICH.
• Dedicated channel: DPDCH, DPCCH.
78. What are the RRC operation modes?
Idle mode and connected mode.
79. What are the RRC states?
There are 4 RRC States: Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, URA_PCH and Cell_PCH.
URA = UTRAN Registration Area.

80. What are transparent mode, acknowledged mode and unacknowledged mode?
• Transparent mode corresponds to the lowest service of the RLC layer, no controls and no detection of missing data.
• Unacknowledged mode offers the possibility of segment and concatenate of data but no error correction or retransmission therefore no guarantee of delivery.
• Acknowledged mode offers, in addition to UM mode functions, acknowledgement of transmission, flow control, error correction and retransmission.
81. Which layer(s) perform ciphering function?
RRC – for acknowledged mode (AM) and unacknowledged mode (UM).
MAC – for transparent mode (TM).
82. What is OVSF?
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor.
83. How many OVSF code spaces are available?
• Total OVSF codes = 256.
• Reserved: 1 SF64 for S-CCPCH, 1 SF256 for CPICH, P-CCPCH, PICH and AICH each.
• Total available code space = 256 – 4 (1 SF64) – 4 (4 SF256) = 248.
84. Can code space limit the cell capacity?
Yes, cell capacity can be hard-limited by code space. Take CS-12.2k for example:
• A CS-12.2k bearer needs 1 SF128 code.
• Total available codes for CS-12.2k = 128 – 2 (1 SF64) – 2 (4 SF256) = 124.
• Consider soft-handover factor of 1.8: 124 / 1.8 = 68 uers/cell.
85. Can a user have OVSF code as “1111”?
No, because “1111…” (256 times) is used by CPICH.
86. What are the symbol rates (bits per symbol) for BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM?
• BPSK: 1.
• QPSK: 2.
• 8PSK: 3.
• 16QAM: 4.
87. Briefly describe UMTS frame structure.
• UMTS frame duration = 10ms.
• Each frame is divided into 15 timeslots.
• Each timeslot is divided into 2560 chips.
• Therefore 2560 chips/TS * 15 TS/frame * (1000ms/10ms) frame/sec = 3,840,000 chip/sec.
88. What is cell selection criterion?
Cell selection is based on:
• Qmean: the average SIR of the target cell.
• Qmin: minimum required SIR.
• Pcompensation: a correction value for difference UE classes.
S = Qmean - Qmin - Pcompensation
• If S>0 then the cell is a valid candidate.
• A UE will camp on the cell with the highest S.
89. Briefly describe Capacity Management and its functions:
Capacity Management is responsible for the control of the load in the cell. It consists of 3 main functions:
• Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling: tracks utilization of critical resources of the system.
• Admission Control: accepts/refuses admission requests based on the current load on the dedicated monitored resources and the characteristics of the request
• Congestion Control: detects/resolves overload situations

Planning
90. What are the major 4 KPIs in propagation model tuning and typical acceptable values?
The 4 KPIs are standard deviation error, root mean square error, mean error and correlation coefficient. The typical acceptable values are:
• Standard deviation error: the smaller the better, usually 7 to 9dB.
• Mean error: the smaller the better, usually 2 to3.
• Root mean square error: the smaller the better, usually
• Correlation coefficient: the larger the better, usually 70% to 90%.
91. What is the minimum number of bins required for a certain propagation model?
The more bins the more likely to come up with a good model. Usually a minimum of 2,000 bines is considered acceptable, but sometimes as low as 500 bins may be accepted.
92. How many scrambling codes are there?
There are 512 scrambling codes in the downlink and 16,777,216 codes in the uplink.
93. How many scrambling code groups are there for downlink?
There are 64 code groups, each group has 8 scrambling codes.
94. Can we assign same scrambling codes to sister sectors (sectors on same site)?
No, because scrambling code on the downlink is used for cell identity. As a requirement, scrambling codes have to maintain a safe separation to avoid interference.
95. Are scrambling codes orthogonal?
No, scrambling codes are not orthogonal since they are not synchronized at each receiver. They are pseudo random sequences of codes.
96. Can we assign scrambling codes 1, 2 and 3 to sister sectors?
Yes.
97. In IS-95 we have a PN reuse factor (PN step size) and therefore cannot use all 512 PN codes, why isn’t it necessary for UMTS scrambling codes?
Because IS-95 is a synchronized network, different PN codes have the same code sequence with a time shift, therefore we need to maintain a certain PN step size to avoid multi-path problem. For example, if two sectors in the neighborhood have a small PN separation then signal arriving from cell A may run into the time domain of cell B, causing interference.
UMTS, on the other hand, is not a synchronized network and all scrambling codes are mutually orthogonal so no need to maintain a step size.
98. What are coverage thresholds in your UMTS design and why?
The coverage thresholds are based on UE sensitivity, fading and penetration loss. Assuming UE sensitivity of -110dBm, fade margin of 5dB:
• Outdoor: -110dBm sensitivity + 5dB fade margin = -105dBm.
• In-vehicle: -110dBm + 5dB + 8dB in-vehicle penetration loss = -97dBm.
• In-building: -110dBm + 5dB + 15dB in-building penetration loss = -90dBm.
99. What is the Ec/Io target in your design?
The Ec/Io target typically is between -12 to -14dB. However, if a network is designed for data then the Ec/Io target could go higher to around -10dB because server dominance is more critical for a data network – since there isn’t software in the downlink.
100. What is “Monte Carlo simulation”?
Since UMTS coverage is dependent on the loading, static coverage and quality analysis (RSCP and Ec/Io) represents the network performance in no-load condition. Monte Carlo simulation is therefore used to illustrate network performance under simulated loading consition.
101. What is the key difference between a static analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation?
Static analysis can only show RSCP and Ec/Io in no-load condition. Monte Carlo simulation not only can show RSCP and Ec/Io in simulated loading condition but also can show many more others: mean served, cell loading, uplink and downlink capacity limits reached, etc.
102. What should be run first (what information should be ready and loaded) before running a Monte Carlo simulation?
Before running Monte Carlo simulation, the following should be completed or in place.
• Run prediction.
• Spread the traffic.
• Define terminal types.
103. How many snap shots and iteration do you usually have when running Monte Carlo simulation?
(Depend on software tool recommendations).
104. What are the design KPI’s?
(RSCP, Ec/Io, mean served, soft handover ratio…)
105. What plots do you usually check after running Monte Carlo for trouble spots?
(RSCP, Ec/Io, service probability, reasons for failure…)
106. What are the typical reasons of failure in Monte Carlo simulation?
• Downlink Eb/No failure (Capacity).
• Downlink Eb/No failure (Range).
• Uplink Eb/No failure.
• Low pilot SIR.
• Noise rise limit reached.
• Etc.
107. What does “traffic spread” mean?
“Traffic spread” means spreading traffic (number of terminals) in a cell coverage area.
108. Do you use live traffic or even-load traffic in your design?
(Depends).
Optimization
109. What are the optimization tools you use?
Drive test, analysis, others?
110. Are System Information Blocks (SIB) transmitted all the time?
No, system information block is multiplexed with synchronization channel. Synchronization channel occupies the first time slot (TS) and SIB occupies the other 9 time slots.
111. How does UE camp (synchronize) to a NodeB?
1. UE uses the primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) for slot alignment (TS synchronization).
2. After aligning to NodeB time slot, UE then uses secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) to obtain frame synchronization and scrambling code group identification.
3. UE then uses scrambling code ID to obtain CPICH, thus camping to a NodeB.
112. What could be the cause of soft handover failure?
• UE issue.
• Resource unavailable at target NodeB.
• Inadequate SHO threshold defined.
• Etc.
113. What are the three sets in handover?
The 3 sets in handover are:
• Active set – the list of cells which are in soft handover with UE.
• Monitored set – the list of cells not in active set but RNC has told UE to monitor.
• Detected set – list of cells detected by the UE but not configured in the neighbor list.
114. What are the major differences between GSM and UMTS handover decision?
GSM:
• Time-based mobile measures of RxLev and RxQual – mobile sends measurement report every SACH period (480ms).
• BSC instructs mobile to handover based on these reports.
UMTS:
• Event-triggered reporting – UE sends a measurement report only on certain event “triggers”.
• UE plays more part in the handover decision.
115. What are the events 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.?
• e1a – a Primary CPICH enters the reporting range, i.e. add a cell to active set.
• e1b – a primary CPICH leaves the reporting range, i.e. removed a cell from active set.
• e1c – a non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH, i.e. replace a cell.
• e1d: change of best cell.
• e1e: a Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold.
• e1f: a Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold.
116. What are event 2a-2d and 3a-3d?
Events 2a-2d are for inter-frequency handover measurements and events 3a-3d are for IRAT handover measurements.
• e3a: the UMTS cell quality has moved below a threshold and a GSM cell quality had moved above a threshold.
• e3b: the GSM cell quality has moved below a threshold.
• e3c: the GSM cell quality has moved above a threshold.
• e3d: there was a change in the order of best GSM cell list.
117. What may happen when there’s a missing neighbor or an incorrect neighbor?
• Access failure and handover failure: may attempt to access to a wrong scrambling code.
• Dropped call: UE not aware of a strong scrambling code, strong interference.
• Poor data throughput.
• Poor voice quality.
• Etc.
118. What can we try to improve when access failure is high?
When access failure is high we can try the following to improve RACH performance:
• Increase maximum UE transmit power allowed: Max_allowed_UL_TX_Power.
• Increase power quickly: power_Offset_P0.
• Increase number of preambles sent in a given preamble cycle: preamble_Retrans_Max.
• Increase the number of preamble cycles: max_Preamble_Cycle.
• Increase number of RRC Connection Request retries: N300.
119. What are the conditions you typically set to trigger IRAT handover?
RSCP and Ec/Io are used to trigger IRAT handover:
• RSCP ≤ -100dBm.
• Ec/Io ≤ -16dBm.
120. What are the typical KPIs you use to measure a network and what criteria?
• Access failure rate (≤ 2%).
• Call setup time (CS: over 95% of the time < 6-second for mobile-to-PSTN, 9-second for mobile-mobile. PS: over 95% of the time < 5-second).
• Dropped call rate (≤ 2%).
• BLER: over 95% of the blocks ≤ 2%.
• Average DL/UL throughput for PSD: 210kbps for loaded, 240kbps for unloaded.
121. What is the typical UE transmit power?
Varies - most of the time below 0dBm.
122. Have your used E******* TEMS? If so:
• Do you know how to create command sequence?
• What are the call sequences you typically have? CS long call, CS short call, PSD call, etc.
• What are the typical commands you have for CS and PS call?
• Do you regularly stop and restart a new log file? Why and when to stop and start a new file?
• How do you stop a log file? Stop command sequence first, wait and make sure all equipment are in idle mode before stop logging.
123. Did you work on neighbor prioritization?
124. What is the typical event sequence of IRAT Handover from 3G to 2G
• Event 2d – entering into compressed mode – measurement of 2G candidates – Event 3a – Verification of 2G resources – Handover from UTRAN Command from 3G RNC to UE
125. What are the possible causes for an IRAT Failure?

• Missing 2G relations
• Non availability of 2G Resources
• Poor 2G Coverage
• Missing 3G Relations

126. What is Paging Success Ratio? What is the typical PSR that you have seen in a UMTS network?

• PSR – Paging Responses to the Paging Attempts
• About 90%

127. What are the possible causes for a lower PSR?

• Non-continuous RF Coverage – UE going in and out of coverage area frequently
• Very High ‘Periodic Location Update Timer’ – Keeping UEs in VLR long time after it moved out of coverage
• Lower Paging Channel Power
• Access Channel Parameter Issues
• Delayed Location Update when crossing the LA / CN Boundaries

128. What are the possible causes for a Drop Call on a UMTS network?

• Poor Coverage (DL / UL)
• Pilot Pollution / Pilot Spillover
• Missing Neighbor
• SC Collisions
• Delayed Handovers
• No resource availability (Congestion) for Hand in
• Loss of Synchronization
• Fast Fading
• Delayed IRAT Triggers
• Hardware Issues
• External Interference

129. A UE is served by 2 or 3 SC in AS. It is identifying a SC from 3rd tier, Stronger and meets the criteria for Event1a or Event1c. But SHO did not happen because of missing neighbor relations? How do you optimize this issue?

• Study the Pilot spillover from the 3rd Tier SC and control its coverage
• Even after controlling the coverage, if the spillover is there, Add the neighbor.

130. A UE is served by 2 SC in AS, a SC is coming in to Monitored Set and Event1a is triggered. But UE is not receiving Active Set Update from NodeB and the call drops. What could be possible causes for this drop?

• Delayed Handover
• Loss of Synchronization
• Fast Fading
• Pilot Pollution / Spillover issues

131. What is Hard Handover in UMTS? When will it happen?

• Hard Handover in UMTS is a break before make type Handover
• It can happen in the inter RNC boundaries where there is no Iur link.


132. What is the typical Call Setup Time for a 3G UE to 3G UE Call? What are the possible RF related causes for a delayed CST in this type of call?

• 6 to 9 seconds
• Multiple RRC Attempts (UE is on poor coverage – need more than Access Attempt)
• Delayed Page Responses
• High Load on Paging and/or Access Channel
• Paging / Access Parameters

133. What is Soft Handover Overhead? What is the typical value in UMTS network?

• Soft Handover Overhead is calculated in two ways. 1) Average Active Set Size – Total Traffic / Primary Traffic. 2) Secondary / Total Traffic
• Typical Values are like 1.7 (Avg Active Set Size) or 35% (Secondary / Total )

134. What will happen to the Soft Handover Overhead when you apply OCNS on the network? And Why?

• With OCNS, the interference (load) increases. This leads to reduction in Ec/Io of a Pilot, which reduces the pilot spillovers. Reduction in Pilot Spillover will reduce the Soft Handover Overhead.

135. What are the possible causes for an Access Failure in UMTS?

• Missing Neighbors
• Poor Coverage
• Pilot Pollution / Spillover
• Poor Cell Reselection
• Core Network Issues
• Non – availability of resources. Admission Control denies
• Hardware Issues
• Improper RACH Parameters
• External Interference

136. (FOR E******* EXPERIENCED) What is RTWP? What is the significance of it?

• Received Total Wide-band Power
• It gives the Total Uplink Power (Interference) level received at NodeB

137. (FOR E******* EXPERIENCED) What is the System Reference Point at which all the Power Levels are measured in E******* NodeB?

• System Ref Point for E/// NodeB is at the output of TMA (Between TMA and Antenna)

138. What are the typical values for ‘reportingrange1a’ and ‘reportingrange1b’?

• 3 dB and 5 dB respectively.

139. What will be the impact when you change ‘reportingrange1a’ from 3 to 4 dB and ‘timetotrigger1a’ 100 to 320 ms, without changing any other parameters?

• Reduction in number of Event1a
• Delayed Event1a trigger
• Reduction in Average Active Set Size
• Delay in Event1a could increase DL interference, which could lead to a drop call or increase in Average Power Per User (reduction in cell capacity)

140. What is Admission Control?

• Admission Control is an algorithm which controls the Resource Allocation for a new call and additional resource allocation for an existing call. Incase, if a cell is heavily a loaded and enough resources in terms of power, codes or CEs are not available, admission control denies permission for the additional resource requirement.

141. What is Congestion Control?

• Congestion Control monitors the dynamic utilization of specific cell resources and insures that overload conditions do not occur. If overload conditions do occur, Congestion Control will immediately restrict Admission Control from granting additional resources. In addition, Congestion Control will attempt to resolve the congestion by either down switching, or terminating existing users. Once the congestion is corrected, the congestion resolution actions will cease, and Admission Control will be enabled.


142. What is the maximum number of Channelization Codes that can be allocated for HS, as per 3GPP standard?

• 15 codes of SF 16.

143. What is ‘Code Multiplexing’ in HSDPA?

• Sharing the HS Channelization Codes among more than one HS users within the 2ms TTI period.

144. (FOR E******* EXPERIENCED) In E******* System, how is the Power allocated for HSDPA>
• Power unutilized by R99 PS, CS and Comman Channels, is used for HS (PHS = Pmax - hsPowerMargin - Pnon-HS)

145. What are Events that can trigger the HSDPA Cell Change?

• Event 1d HS – Change of Best Cell in the Active Set
• Event 1b or Event 1c – Removal of the Best Cell from the Active Set

146. How is typically the Call Setup Time of a CSV call calculated in UMTS using L3 messages?

• CST is calculated as the time difference between ‘Alerting’ and the first RRC Connection Request (Call Initiation) messages.

Mohamed_yehia
2011-01-08, 09:43 AM
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asdf
2011-01-08, 10:10 AM
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altheee14
2011-01-14, 07:11 AM
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prasath085
2011-01-19, 03:28 PM
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Ruffrider
2011-01-21, 09:48 AM
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miister76
2011-01-23, 05:00 PM
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mobilek530
2011-01-23, 07:37 PM
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2011-01-24, 11:04 PM
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2011-01-25, 12:02 AM
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qaqa
2011-01-25, 01:40 AM
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md_mustafa_23@yahoo.com
2011-02-07, 04:12 PM
Thanks a lot man...it really helps...

basum
2011-02-07, 09:05 PM
Thanks :rolleyes:

newdragon
2011-02-15, 02:05 PM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks
good work, really good!

RAJA
2011-02-15, 08:57 PM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED
Can't download the file. I'm new to this Forum/Site. Please how to download it and other files.

Stepanich81
2011-02-15, 09:40 PM
See post 108 -qaqa

Can't download the file. I'm new to this Forum/Site. Please how to download it and other files.

hakimgsm
2011-02-15, 10:15 PM
I Enjoy it , Thank you,

amr.abdelfattah
2011-02-15, 10:50 PM
Hi rval25,

I have add reputation and thanks to you , i really in need of this interview questions. i can access i don't have credits.

please provide this doc to my email at amr.abdlfattah@gmail.com

awaiting your reply and doc in my email.

thanks again

akasia
2011-02-16, 12:08 AM
could you upload it to 4 shared plz..thx

Opt-Mj
2011-02-16, 12:44 AM
Thanks... It looks interesting

md_mustafa_23@yahoo.com
2011-02-16, 02:52 PM
Thanks brother...it really helps...:)

rcz90
2011-02-16, 07:09 PM
great ........ thing friend

rfmilos22
2011-02-16, 07:58 PM
Thanks....very usefull!

mbouchamekh
2011-02-22, 07:02 PM
useless without pswd, I don`t see the importance of sharing something with pswd, better don`t share.

sorry for my critics but that`s how I thing,

thx anyway

rval25
2011-02-24, 02:13 AM
sorry about that the password

is on the third page

do you have it or still needed_?


thx
bye

coolashishsaxena
2011-02-25, 04:33 AM
Hi i am not been able to download file...

bobsh
2011-02-25, 10:12 PM
password is : shareforever

thanks for the guy who share it ,,, but i think it time to spread the password!

Thank you very much "EngSoft" !!!:)

titoe80
2011-02-26, 02:42 PM
Thanks a lot for sharing. It is useful for me after reading the WCDMA books.

raj.marylandcp
2011-03-02, 12:01 PM
hi,

Can some one please forward me the link .... raj.marylandcp@gmail.com

Shinji_Joker
2011-03-07, 01:05 AM
I am new here, I cant download the file, is there anyone can tell me what is going on?

sparksss
2011-03-07, 04:32 PM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

Thanksss, its should be helpful.
I am trying to download the file but i couldnt.
Would u please send me the dircect link for it?

raid75
2011-03-08, 03:50 AM
please send me password

robertabbas
2011-03-08, 04:35 AM
[QUOTE=rval25;95116]SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED[????Credit?????????????????????]

why can't I download the doc???

Sergey
2011-03-08, 02:30 PM
[QUOTE=rval25;95116]SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED[????Credit?????????????????????]

why can't I download the doc???
see http://www.finetopix.com/new-comers-section/16148-why-i-cant-reply-other-forums.html

vicky
2011-03-10, 11:37 AM
:) Not able to access attachment..please help (plunthi85@gmail.com)

vicky
2011-03-10, 11:50 AM
i donot have credits :( ...please provide it on my mail (plunthi85@gmail.com)

malik.xlcens
2011-03-14, 09:47 PM
hey i gave u reputation and thanx but link is not working could u pls send me on my mail malik.xclens@gmail.com

mukesh
2011-03-14, 11:35 PM
Thanks for the attachment

mukesh
2011-03-14, 11:39 PM
Can download it...can you send me the document at gera.mukesh@gmail.com

rafanavas
2011-03-15, 01:57 AM
HOw do i become a member? I can't download the file

Sergey
2011-03-15, 01:56 PM
HOw do i become a member? I can't download the file
Please read all threads in Announcements - Wire Free Alliance (http://www.finetopix.com/announcements/)

montanya
2011-03-16, 05:36 PM
Hi
Would you PLEASE upload it to 4shared as I do not have credits and let me know the PW as well. Thanks in advance.
MONTANYA

akas
2011-03-21, 11:51 AM
its a nice post, thankx man

soodlhor
2011-04-09, 03:31 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

Thank, i hope it can help me find the better job.

rval25
2011-04-09, 04:53 AM
Thank, i hope it can help me find the better job.


Im sure it will help you


thanks

abdelhayisthebest
2011-04-09, 05:49 AM
i can't download the file :!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

riyantoyadi
2011-04-09, 08:35 AM
Very good FAQ for interview

riyantoyadi
2011-04-09, 08:36 AM
Your credit not enough to DL Man

adewijaya
2011-04-09, 08:53 AM
good posting, to pass interview

amehim
2011-04-10, 08:28 AM
How do I become a group member? I am having problem downloading the attached. Group membership is required.

Thank you.

abdelhayisthebest
2011-04-10, 08:38 AM
me too i have the same pb

riyantoyadi
2011-04-10, 08:46 AM
as i explained before, your credit is not enough

dineshp82
2011-04-11, 02:54 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

Ho wcan i become the memener

Walid Madih
2011-04-11, 04:07 AM
Ho wcan i become the memener
you must have more than 15 rep ans subscribed for more than 3 days

abidsahir
2011-04-11, 05:49 AM
dear can you upload it 4shared,,,,,,,thanks

sharyfor2
2011-04-11, 05:56 AM
i didnt found the download link, , can you post it to some server like 4shared or rapidshare or some thing like that, it will be very helpful

thanks in advance:p

ibrahimmo
2011-04-12, 04:31 PM
hey many thanks :)

MandlaM
2011-04-12, 05:06 PM
you must have more than 15 rep ans subscribed for more than 3 days

Hi I just subscribed, How do I get rep?

BR
Mandla

riyantoyadi
2011-04-12, 07:48 PM
sharing together and together to share, please upload some material that people needs to here then you will get rep.

please read forums for new member

methecan
2011-04-14, 10:16 PM
hi,

could you please send me this document to my e-mail...kestirmeden@gmail.com

thanx...

Arnie
2011-04-14, 10:42 PM
kindly send to my yahoo.I need it, please

arnold_acquaye@yahoo.com

cherry
2011-04-14, 10:58 PM
:p Hi Mobilek530, thank you for providing this info to those really need it, and save them a lot of waitting time

jimjim
2011-04-27, 04:25 AM
Hello everybody who needs something else please send me

a private message,


Ive been busy in this days but Ill be responding any of your comments

Thanks a lot!

Hello rval25,

Kindly send to my email.

Regards,

rval25
2011-04-27, 04:47 AM
ok give me your email please

regards

salmeterol
2011-04-27, 04:42 PM
thank you for this useful info

jimjim
2011-04-28, 03:38 AM
Thanks rval25,

My email is yakbeer@hotmail.com

:)

orange89501
2011-04-28, 05:47 AM
My email is pinghe2008@hotmail.com Please sent to me as well.

Thanks

naitblal
2011-04-28, 04:07 PM
Dears,

please i'm preparing an RF interview, please can you send me the zip file. my address is: nouradde@yahoo.fr

Many thanks

BR

syevnt
2011-04-28, 04:20 PM
Please send me a copy of this, email : syevnt@gmail.com
Big Tks,

abdelhayisthebest
2011-04-28, 04:51 PM
me too motiaa.abdelhay@gmail.com

4GExpert
2011-04-30, 04:34 AM
can u please send me the pw?

harrypotter
2011-04-30, 05:05 AM
to everyone don't waste your time giving rep and thanks to RVAL. he doesnt follow the rules and instead force everyone to beg for the password which is not properly right. rep and thanks are given voluntarily if the documents are found useful.


here is the password for the docs: shareforever

naitblal
2011-04-30, 02:26 PM
Dears,

please can you send me the file in my email:nouradde@yahoo.fr

Many thanks

shup7
2011-05-02, 07:40 PM
Dear Friend..
it's a Good sharing..

swami_nath
2011-05-02, 08:13 PM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

Hi
Thanks, could u provide me the Password for zip file
Thanks in advance

Br
Swami
swami_nath@yahoo.con:):cool:

adewijaya
2011-05-03, 12:20 AM
there is no password or try with default password

farzad596
2011-05-03, 09:33 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED
Hi There !
While clicking the file I am getting a message " May be you don't have permissions to download". Please guide me what type of permissions I need to down load this .rar file. Thanks

c21579
2011-05-03, 11:46 PM
Unbelievable, the owner put it in sharefile download already, please go to 11 page to find out the link if anyone need it. Thanks a billion.

farzad596
2011-05-04, 07:51 AM
Thanks a lot bro. Its great.

jelexy
2011-05-04, 09:09 AM
can anybody advise, i am unable to download any link. why? is it because a new member??

yoronjo
2011-05-04, 03:20 PM
Hi There !
While clicking the file I am getting a message " May be you don't have permissions to download". Please guide me what type of permissions I need to down load this .rar file. Thanks

bro i think you have to get your reputation to at least 15 for you to download it. :-)

melkaiy
2011-05-04, 10:54 PM
sorry sir but why i cant find the file? can you send the file and password in my email s_strider@yahoo.com I already added reputation thank u sir

jimjim
2011-05-05, 04:16 AM
can anybody advise, i am unable to download any link. why? is it because a new member??


I have posted a similar document few days ago. Search for my name and download it from there.

Of course reps and thanks are welcomed:).

Regards,

Ummi
2011-05-05, 07:39 AM
just question are here :

3G Interview questions

1. Explain 3G?
2. What is 3GPP?
3. What is Generic Connection Framework (GCF )
4. Define FDMA TDMA,CDMA
5. Difference between CDMA and WCDMA
6. Difference between 3G and 2G
7. What is UMTS?
8. Difference between GERAN and UTRAN
9. what is Wcdma technology
10. 3GPP Specification for every layer
11. Benefit of spreading
12. Benefit of scrambling
13. What happen when Mobile switch on(Cell Search Procedure)
14. Mode of operations of RLC
15. Functions of RRC Layer
16. Functions of different MAC entities.
17. Information of all the system information
18. Channels and its mapping with different layers
19. What is channel
20. Role and architecture of RNC
21. How scrambling code is calculated
22. What are signaling radio bearer and there specific uses
23. Contents of Measurement control
24. Explain all seven Measurement reports
25. Differences between Rel99and HSDPA/HSUPA
26. What is Initial Direct Transfer
27. Explain the contents of Radio Bearer Reconfiguration. specify Dynamic and semi static part of Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
28. Explain soft , softer and Hard Handover
29. What is Compressed mode and why it is required
30. Explain HARQ and how it is different from ARQ

jelexy
2011-05-05, 07:43 AM
Thanks I have tried as instructed didn't find any links @

Ummi
2011-05-05, 07:47 AM
hard try, i guarantee you will find

aamirkhawaja
2011-05-05, 11:34 AM
Kindly email me the password..thanks and rep already added.

ledhie
2011-05-05, 02:35 PM
Hi,

Here's another sample from NSN 3G RF engineer questionnaire (got from firend)


NSN 3G RF engineer questionnaire_V1.doc - 4shared.com - document sharing - download (http://www.4shared.com/document/yqKdidFP/NSN_3G_RF_engineer_questionnai.html)
:p

Sorry if already posted

brianm
2011-05-05, 11:07 PM
Great docs. Could you please post sample answers if you have them

orange89501
2011-05-10, 02:12 AM
Thanks for the doc, it help :)

harrypotter
2011-05-10, 04:34 AM
If you have the answer.. much better my friend... Thanks for sharing this old stuff dated year 1945. :p

patarian
2011-05-10, 04:37 AM
Sorry man Ive been traveling , and little time to connect,

the pass was already posted here so If anyone has another question

or request please send me a private message

Im trying to prepare the classic LTE questions ... if you guys are interested

please let me know and I will dedicate more time

thank you all of you

i will try to answer some questions later on. do me a favour if u have LTE planning docs so plz send me at mali.memon@hotmail.com.

polo
2011-05-10, 06:45 PM
Hi RVAL45,please password.

thanks

coolperson713
2011-05-11, 12:28 AM
thanks for sharing...

vks.idea
2011-05-11, 04:25 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

good questions

vks,idea

jsjagdev
2011-05-11, 06:42 AM
Can you please send it to me. I am not able to download the link

jsjagdev
2011-05-11, 06:44 AM
Can you please send it to me. I am not able to download it. jsjagdev@yahoo.com.thanks

nomi_waqas
2011-05-17, 04:00 AM
Hello rval25,

Kindly send Interview 146 UMTS questions answered to my email nomi_waqas@yahoo.com.

Regards,

Ahmad

bagusasari
2011-05-20, 09:54 AM
Can you please send it to me. I am not able to download it. bagusasari@gmail.com.

many thanks

br//bagus

spatkad
2011-05-20, 02:26 PM
Hi
please get us the password
thanks

NPERF
2011-05-20, 03:58 PM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED
Please PM the Password.

comdeli
2011-05-20, 04:05 PM
Great Info

thanks

tanbao
2011-05-20, 04:47 PM
password is : shareforever

thanks for the guy who share it ,,, but i think it time to spread the password!

very good friends, thanks

skanwal
2011-06-29, 02:52 PM
Guys why cant I download or upload information in here? I am trying to see 146 UMTS quest but don't have permission.

hari.vullangi
2011-08-01, 03:43 PM
Hi, ;
I dont have credits can u mail this to my mail : hari.vullangi@gmail.com

Thanx: hari

jorrgivarius
2011-08-07, 10:37 PM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks


Do you have Q/A for GSM?

rcz90
2011-08-08, 01:05 PM
Here is a 146 UMTS questions and answers .. to any 3G job Interview!!

Dimensioning, planning , optimization, etc und so weiter


I need repp please !

thanks


Hi Guys i got it....please download it...

hasnat_038
2011-08-09, 05:07 PM
Still I can;t. It shows the same message of access permission.

valdemarrfg
2011-08-18, 06:05 AM
thanks , is usefuly for this season of 4G.

rcz90
2011-08-18, 04:00 PM
thanks , is usefuly for this season of 4G.
Reputation and credit required.....

glcgsm
2011-08-19, 12:50 AM
Please send 3G file to glcgsm@gmail.com OR teach me how to download from here.
Thanks in advance.

Angel
2011-08-19, 03:35 AM
Can somebody please upload this to 4shared or similar sites?
If not, please send file to angelseph@icqmail.com
Thanks!

aslsh21
2011-08-19, 05:13 PM
how can i download the attachment , please help aslsh21@hotmail.com

yhussain110
2011-08-30, 06:28 AM
Hi Guys i got it....please download it...

Please can you send me "UMTS interview questions" i cant download it.

I will be very greatful.

My email id is yhussain786@yahoo.ca

Thanks & best regards

asdasd11
2011-09-04, 07:03 PM
thx it is helpfull

j03l_3c3
2011-09-08, 08:26 PM
Hi,

Can you please send me the UMTS Interview QA at banj0_0401@yahoo.com...Thank you so much!

zee86
2011-09-28, 09:49 PM
can you please send me QA on picend@yahoo.com

manish10jj
2011-10-02, 05:29 PM
i can't access that

v_ohri
2011-10-14, 11:40 AM
Can someone mail it to me at ohri_v@yahoo.com?

Thanks

vivero
2011-10-14, 12:35 PM
I've sent to you already. Please check your mail.
Regards!

manpreet
2011-10-16, 04:16 AM
Hi,
here's the link.

UMTS-INTERVIEW-QA.zip - 4shared.com - online file sharing and storage - download (http://www.4shared.com/get/zh-JhZvL/UMTS-INTERVIEW-QA.html)

Password: ***********s.com

Regards.

pls give reputation.

ya301487
2011-10-16, 04:26 AM
Can you provide the password in order to extract the file?

manpreet
2011-10-16, 04:30 AM
Can you provide the password in order to extract the file?

Password: ***********s.com

pl give repps..

ya301487
2011-10-16, 06:39 AM
thanks.
I tried to give reputation. not sure if it worked :)

Addi155
2011-10-20, 10:18 AM
:funk:THANKS FOR THIS DOCUMENT

Ninamanojvishwakarma
2011-10-20, 10:52 AM
Please email me 146 UMTS questions answered at Nina.manoj.nv@gmail.com.thankyou

badrinath888
2011-10-20, 03:01 PM
Good questions pls share pw badrinath888@gmail.com

methecan
2011-10-20, 08:06 PM
please send me the attachment to kestirmeden@gmail.com thank you.

barretzhang
2011-10-29, 04:31 AM
Thanks so much for sharing this amazing material! barret.z@hotmail.com

barretzhang
2011-10-29, 04:54 AM
Thanks so much for your help!!

B.EasyAtl@gmail.com
2011-10-29, 09:47 AM
Can you help me with colocate wiring diagrams for 3rd carrier fus and rus?

dawaj
2011-10-29, 05:00 PM
Can you please upload on 4Shared due to obvious reasons?

v_ohri
2011-11-11, 04:37 AM
Got it Vivero. Thanks for the prompt reply.You have great reputation

fortune123
2011-11-29, 06:10 PM
Thank u very very much....

s_mugutkar
2011-11-29, 06:46 PM
Pls Can you mail it on rfengmugutkar@gmail.com

teletopix
2011-12-10, 08:34 PM
Best doc found For TASr Degrade at below,...

Low TCH Assignment Success Rate (http://www.finetopix.com/showthread.php?24943-Low-TCH-Assignment-Success-Rate)

wirelesselectrode
2012-01-19, 10:53 AM
nice one !! my friend !

cyadron
2012-02-10, 07:26 PM
That is one hot topic.
I'd love to take a look, although I'm only a beginner in this field..

I've downloaded the file, but the password doesn't seem to work... Hmm

http://search.4shared.com/postDownload/zh-JhZvL/UMTS-INTERVIEW-QA.html

Password:
"***********s.com" is that it?

thank you

hakimgsm
2012-02-12, 06:14 PM
please, Can you provide the password in order to extract the file?
thanks in advance .

agitator
2012-02-12, 10:04 PM
For the first post (doc file) in this thread pass is: shareforever
For the 4shared file (same file but in pdf) pass is: b-a-n-d-w-i-d-t-h-e-r-s.com (without dashes)

BR



please, Can you provide the password in order to extract the file?
thanks in advance .

cyadron
2012-02-14, 05:41 AM
thanks a lot, agitator!

I was just about to download a zip brute force *****er, that would surely took some time :)

Alvarovj
2012-02-17, 04:50 AM
Hello all,

this is my aportation...

This file I get from the next link...
http://wirelessexam.com/umts-planning/

only I did a condense from this link

Regards,
Avj

robk
2012-06-22, 04:00 AM
hi can you forward it to lifeat300mph@gmail.com ? thanks in advance!

12345
2012-06-22, 09:11 AM
SORRY EVERYBODY ...HERE IS THE ATTACHED

thats good for upgrade my carier.. pliease PM the PW..
thanks before.

yogilove8
2012-08-15, 05:20 PM
Thaks for sharing this useful material...........!!!

phazra
2012-09-06, 03:56 PM
hoping that this us a good source

yousaf885
2012-09-10, 02:11 PM
Hello,

Good morning to All,I am a new subscriber of tis community.I need to download the attachment, but the message i recieve is "15 reputation needed". Can you pls help me how to do.


how can I find the attachd links, please?

dinesh1102
2012-10-09, 02:07 AM
:( please share interview questions.
thanks in advance

juliustprasetya
2012-11-02, 06:11 PM
hi rval25,

Please PM me the password.

Rotorhead
2012-11-04, 08:14 AM
It's a pretty good crib sheet for keeping up to speed, but some of it is wrong. I'm not sure why it has a password, what about this is secret? Here is the full one. Cue endless interviews based on it...

Rotorhead
2012-11-04, 08:19 AM
It's a pretty good crib sheet for keeping up to speed, but some of it is wrong. I'm not sure why it has a password, what about this is secret? Here is the full one. Cue endless interviews based on it...

30182

And unless you know what is wrong you are just going to look pretty stupid. There is no short cut to passing the interview. You either know it and understand it or you don't!

contorcu1
2012-11-04, 01:28 PM
Can you send me vai email?

pavanivaranasi
2012-11-14, 11:02 PM
Please send the questions to pavani.varanasi@gmail.com as I dont have the credits.
THanks in advance
plz send it on my Email id (saurabhg06@gmail.com) because i have no permission to access this page.

thanks
Saurabh